Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics among HIV naïve and HIV-infected individuals (n = 342)
| HIV naïve no ART (n = 105) | HIV-infected no ART (n = 16) | HIV-infected short-term ART (n = 56) | HIV-infected long-term ART (n = 165) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years)* | 32 (18–85) | 43 (21–67) | 43 (20–69) | 47 (22–75) |
| Gender* | ||||
| Female | 96 (91) | 12 (75) | 39 (70) | 115 (70) |
| Male | 9 (9) | 4 (25) | 17 (30) | 50 (30) |
| Low educational status* | 15 (14) | 7 (44) | 23 (41) | 75 (46) |
| Low financial status | 35 (33) | 7 (44) | 23 (41) | 89 (54) |
| Clinical history | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (6) | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 6 (4) |
| Hypertension | 11 (11) | 1 (6) | 7 (13) | 27 (16) |
| History of herpes zoster scar** | 3 (3) | 4 (25) | 11 (20) | 48 (29) |
| History of treatment for tuberculosis** | 6 (6) | 1 (6) | 14 (25) | 61 (37) |
| Time on ART (months) | na | na | 6 (1–12) | 66 (37–179) |
| ART regimen | ||||
| TDF+FTC/3TC + EFV | na | na | 52 (93) | 142 (86) |
| d4T/AZT + 3TC + EFV | na | na | 3 (5) | 9 (6) |
| Lopinavir-containing regimen | na | na | 1 (2) | 7 (4) |
| Other combinations | na | na | 0 (0) | 7 (4) |
| HIV status | ||||
| Nadir CD4 (cells/mm3) | na | na | 187 (6–346) | 146 (1–473) |
| Most recent CD4 (cells/mm3) | na | 461 (130–745) | 207 (6–904) | 463 (2–1266) |
| Most recent viral load | ||||
| <400 copies/ml | na | na | 12 of 18 (67) | 117 of 149 (79) |
| >400 copies/ml | na | na | 6 of 18 (33) | 32 of 149 (21) |
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy; na, not applicable; TDF, tenofovir; FTC, emtricitabine; 3TC, lamivudine; EFV, efavirenz; d4T, stavudine; AZT, zidovudine.
Data are shown as number (%) or median (range). Short-term and long-term ART is defined as <12 months and >36 months ART at inclusion, respectively.
*Significant difference (age adjusted P<0·001) between HIV-infected vs. HIV-naïve participants.
**Significant difference (age adjusted P<0·01) between HIV-infected vs. HIV-naïve participants.