Table 3.
Ocular conditions among HIV-infected individuals participants on short-term and long-term ART (n = 221)
| HIV-infected short-term ART (n = 56) | HIV-infected long-term ART (n = 165) | Age-adjusted crude odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External eye disease | 11 (20) | 27 (16) | – | 0·6 |
| Blepharitis | 9 (16) | 22 (13) | – | 0·6 |
| Chalazion | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – | 0·5 |
| Hordeolum | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | – | 0·4 |
| Molluscum contagiosum | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – | 0·4 |
| Eyelid scar | 2 (4) | 3 (2) | – | 0·4 |
| Eyelid entropion or ectropion | 1 (2) | 2 (1) | – | 0·6 |
| Facial nerve paresis | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | – | 0·4 |
| Anterior segment disease | 30 (54) | 87 (53) | – | 0·4 |
| Pterygium | 11 (20) | 40 (24) | – | 0·8 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | 16 (29) | 62 (38) | – | 0·6 |
| Anterior uveitis | 3 (5) | 4 (2) | – | 0·3 |
| Clinically detectable cataract | 21 (38) | 94 (57) | 2·2 (1·2–4·1) | 0·01 |
| Posterior segment diseasea | 5 (9) | 49 (30) | 3·4 (1·2–9·2) | 0·02 |
| HIV retinopathy | 1 (2) | 17 (10) | – | 0·07 |
| Infectious retinitis | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – | 0·6 |
| Old inactive retinitis | 1 (1) | 4 (3) | – | 0·9 |
| Posterior vitreous detachment | 2 (4) | 15 (9) | – | 0·3 |
| Retinal detachment | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | – | 0·6 |
| Hypertensive retinopathy | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | – | 0·7 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | – | 0·3 |
| Age-related macular degeneration | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – | 0·8 |
| Neuro-ophthalmic diseasea | 4 (7) | 19 (12) | – | 0·7 |
| Glaucoma | 4 (7) | 14 (9) | – | 0·9 |
| Optic atrophy | 0 (0) | 5 (3) | – | 0·3 |
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
Data are shown as numbers (%). Short-term and long-term ART is defined as <12 months and >36 months ART at inclusion, respectively. Age-adjusted crude odds ratios were calculated between HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART and short-term ART.
a
The posterior segment, including the optic disc could not be evaluated in one participant short-term ART participant and in two long-term ART participants.