Table 3.

Univariate associations between individual characteristics and seropositivity to WNV in 1442 dogs based on a logistic model

	N	% seropositive	P-value on type III test	β	P-value
Age
Juvenile	665	0·3	0·001	Refa
Adult	777	3·2		2·40	0·001
Time spent outside daily
<12 h/day	1366	1·2	<0·0001	Ref
12–18 h/day	25	8·0		2·06	0·008
18–24 h/day	49	18·4		3·01	<0·0001
Date of sampling
Before July 15	945	1·6	0·327	Ref
After July 15	519	2·3		0·38	0·327
Breed
Small breed	379	0·26	0·029	Ref
Large breed	1080	2·41		2·23	0·029
Sex
Male	754	1·9	1·00	Ref
Female	700	1·9		0·00	1·000
Hair length
Short	979	1·43	0·234	Ref
Long	478	2·30		−0·48	0·234
Use of insecticides
Never	1166	1·85	0·464	Ref
Occasionally	85	3·4		0·57	0·216
All summer long	169	1·2		−0·52	0·316
Use of flea medication
Never	564	1·6	0·734	Ref
Occasionally	159	2·5		0·23	0·591
All summer long	696	2·0		0·46	0·454
Use of mosquito repellents
Never	1255	1·8	0·784	Ref
Occasionally	165	1·8		−0·008	0·990
Every day	27	3·7		0·72	0·487

^aReference category.