Top row: The marginal annual FOI (contour lines) considering different values for the clearance rate ranging from 0 to 3 years−1 by study site for individuals assumed to be symptomatic at the previous visit and were born in the baseline year. Bottom row: The marginal annual FOI, obtained using the upper boundary estimator, for individuals assumed to be symptomatic at the previous visit, by study site, birth year (2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010) and by age group (A: <1 year, B: 1–4 years, and C: 5–10 years). Left panel, Nagongera; middle panel, Kihihi; right panel, Walukuba.