Table 2.

Commercially available COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine	Vaccine form	Vaccine platform	Institute	Target antigens
EpiVacCorona	Protein subunit	Peptide-based protein subunit	Vektor State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Russia	Multiple epitopes [42], [43]
mRNA-1273	RNA	Prefusion stabilized S protein mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP)	Moderna / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases	Stabilized S protein [42], [43]
BNT-162b2	RNA	Modified nucleoside mRNA LNP formulation	Pfizer / BioNtech	RBD [42], [43]
Covaxin	Inactivated	Whole-virion inactivated	Bharat Biotech	Whole virus [42], [43]
Coronavac	Inactivated	Beta-propiolactone inactivated alum adjuvant	Sinovac	Whole virus [42], [43]
BBIB-P-CorV	Inactivated	β-propiolactone inactivated aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-virion SARS-CoV-2	Sinopharm	Whole virus [42], [44]
WIBP-CorV	Inactivated	Chemically inactivated whole virus vaccines	Sinopharm	Whole virus [42], [44]
AZD1222 Covishield	Non-replicating viral vector	Chimpanzee adenovirus vector displaying S protein on its surface	Oxford / AstraZeneca	S protein [42], [43]
Ad5-nCov trade-named Convidecia	Non-replicating viral vector	Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) expressing S protein	CanSino	S protein [42], [43]
Sputnik-V	Non-replicating viral vector	Recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) + Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) expressing S protein	Gamaleya Research Institute	S protein [42], [43]
AD26.COV2.S	Non-replicating viral vector	Adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) expressing Spike protein	Johnson & Johnson (J&J)	S protein [42], [43]
Covivac	Inactivated	β-propiolactone-inactivated whole-virion	Chumakov Centre, a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Whole virus [45]
ZF2001, trade-named RBD-Dimer	Protein subunit	Adjuvanted recombinant protein	Anhui Zhifei Longcom in collaboration with the Institute of Microbiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences	RBD dimer [42], [43], [46]
ZyCoV-D	DNA	Plasmid DNA	Zydus Cadila	Plasmid DNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 S protein and IgE signal peptide [46]