. 2022 May 30;46(1-2):253–275. doi: 10.1007/s10865-022-00328-z

Table 9.

The Taxonomy for building Trust in COVID-19 vaccines and the Taxonomy for eroding Trust in the COVID-19 vaccines

Taxonomy of increasing TRUST in COVID-19 vaccines	Taxonomy of eroding TRUST in COVID-19 vaccines
THEME 1: Trust in Safety of COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1. HPV vaccine is safe and efficient. Scientists have been working on Coronavirus vaccines for decades. The COVID-19 vaccine has been tested, tracked and it is safe CONCERN 2. The Government has provided plenty of safety information about the COVID-19 vaccines THEME 2: Motivation for taking the COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: Given the risks of COVID-19, it is unlikely that building natural immunity is a good idea CONCERN 2. Even if vaccine not tested for a long time, it is not worth having the lingering effects of COVID-19 CONCERN 3. The COVID-19 vaccine is not making you immune to the infection, but it is mitigating the effect of the infection CONCERN 4: The vaccines trigger your body to naturally create immunity more reliably than getting COVID CONCERN 5. Natural antibodies last a few months and only partially protect you, while the vaccine instructs your immune system to produce antibodies that last longer and protect you better CONCERN 6: COVID-19 vaccines protect against the emerging variants CONCERN 7. Incentives for taking the COVID-19 vaccine CONCERN 8: Children over 12 should be vaccinated to avoid distant learning THEME 3: Trust in Effects of COVID-19 vaccines* CONCERN 1: Vaccination against COVID-19 Strengthens the immune system CONCERN 2: More likely to get thrombosis from flying economy than from Astra Zeneca CONCERN 3: Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine allegedly preferred over Pfizer or Moderna for those with allergies THEME 4: Trust in role of COVID-19 vaccines for Public Health CONCERN 1: Getting the COVID-19 vaccine will protect my patients, family and friends who cannot get the jab. Vaccination is key in protecting yourself and others against COVID-19 CONCERN 2: Because of the risk of new variants that may escape the COVID-19 vaccines, the decision to not vaccinate puts everyone at risk CONCERN 3: People can choose not to vaccinate if they pay a higher medical bill when needing hospitalization because of COVID-19 THEME 5: Trust in role of pharmaceutical companies in fighting COVID-19 infections CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccines are not profitable for pharmaceutical companies unless they are safe and effective THEME 6: Trust in Ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines* CONCERN 1: The mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine uses the RNA of COVID-19 which leaves your body soon after you get vaccinated THEME 7: Trust in Testing of COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccination trials for children proven vital	THEME 1: Lack of Trust in Safety of COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: if the COVID-19 vaccines are completely safe, why no accidental death policy CONCERN 2: Vaccine exemptions should be available because the COVID-19 vaccines are experimental CONCERN 3: Children should not be vaccinated against COVID-19 because there is no legal accountability for adverse events CONCERN 4: Governments of the Western world advocate COVID-19 vaccines without long-term studies of safety or efficacy, while Asian governments control COVID-19 infections with traditional safety measures THEME 2: De-Motivation in taking the COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: The COVID-19 vaccine does not provide immunity against infection CONCERN 2: People having severe allergy should be monitored for 30 min after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine CONCERN 3: It is not known if the COVID-19 vaccines will provide protection against future variants THEME 3: Lack of Trust in Effects of COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: Lack of confidence in mRNA vaccines and their long-term effects CONCERN 2: Needs proof that the vaccine will not kill in 2 years those taking it CONCERN 3: Wait one year to see if there are no long-lasting side effects CONCERN 4: Astra Zeneca vaccine determines blood clots CONCERN 5: Fear vaccine may worsen existing conditions THEME 4: Lack of Trust in role of COVID-19 vaccines for Public Health CONCERN 1: People that do not believe that COVID-19 is real or do not believe that masks work should not be receiving vaccines be exempt from the vaccination CONCERN 2: Because the authorities advocate so hard for COVID-19 vaccination should be the main reason for refusing the vaccine CONCERN 3: Preference for getting COVID-19 and fighting it off than vaccinating THEME 5: Lack of Trust in role of pharmaceutical companies in fighting COVID-19 infections CONCERN 1: Pharmaceutical companies will profit because COVID-19 waves will never end, thus requiring annual boosters THEME 6: Lack of Trust in Ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines* CONCERN 1: The COVID-19 Vaccine injects the dead SARS-COV2 virus in your body THEME 7: Lack of Trust in Testing of COVID-19 vaccines CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccines were ‘rushed,’ so they could still be unsafe CONCERN 2: AstraZeneca used outdated information in its COVID-19 vaccine trials

Taxonomy of increasing TRUST in COVID-19 vaccines

Taxonomy of eroding TRUST in COVID-19 vaccines

THEME 1: Trust in Safety of COVID-19 vaccines

*CONCERN 1. HPV vaccine is safe and efficient. Scientists have been working on Coronavirus vaccines for decades. The COVID-19 vaccine has been tested, tracked and it is safe

*CONCERN 2. The Government has provided plenty of safety information about the COVID-19 vaccines

THEME 2: Motivation for taking the COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: Given the risks of COVID-19, it is unlikely that building natural immunity is a good idea

CONCERN 2. Even if vaccine not tested for a long time, it is not worth having the lingering effects of COVID-19

CONCERN 3. The COVID-19 vaccine is not making you immune to the infection, but it is mitigating the effect of the infection

CONCERN 4: The vaccines trigger your body to naturally create immunity more reliably than getting COVID

*CONCERN 5. Natural antibodies last a few months and only partially protect you, while the vaccine instructs your immune system to produce antibodies that last longer and protect you better

CONCERN 6: COVID-19 vaccines protect against the emerging variants

CONCERN 7. Incentives for taking the COVID-19 vaccine

CONCERN 8: Children over 12 should be vaccinated to avoid distant learning

THEME 3: Trust in Effects of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: Vaccination against COVID-19 Strengthens the immune system

CONCERN 2: More likely to get thrombosis from flying economy than from Astra Zeneca

CONCERN 3: Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine allegedly preferred over Pfizer or Moderna for those with allergies

THEME 4: Trust in role of COVID-19 vaccines for Public Health

CONCERN 1: Getting the COVID-19 vaccine will protect my patients, family and friends who cannot get the jab. Vaccination is key in protecting yourself and others against COVID-19

CONCERN 2: Because of the risk of new variants that may escape the COVID-19 vaccines, the decision to not vaccinate puts everyone at risk

CONCERN 3: People can choose not to vaccinate if they pay a higher medical bill when needing hospitalization because of COVID-19

THEME 5: Trust in role of pharmaceutical companies in fighting COVID-19 infections

*CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccines are not profitable for pharmaceutical companies unless they are safe and effective

THEME 6: Trust in Ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: The mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine uses the RNA of COVID-19 which leaves your body soon after you get vaccinated

THEME 7: Trust in Testing of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccination trials for children proven vital

THEME 1: Lack of Trust in Safety of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: if the COVID-19 vaccines are completely safe, why no accidental death policy

CONCERN 2: Vaccine exemptions should be available because the COVID-19 vaccines are experimental

CONCERN 3: Children should not be vaccinated against COVID-19 because there is no legal accountability for adverse events

CONCERN 4: Governments of the Western world advocate COVID-19 vaccines without long-term studies of safety or efficacy, while Asian governments control COVID-19 infections with traditional safety measures

THEME 2: De-Motivation in taking the COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: The COVID-19 vaccine does not provide immunity against infection

CONCERN 2: People having severe allergy should be monitored for 30 min after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine

CONCERN 3: It is not known if the COVID-19 vaccines will provide protection against future variants

THEME 3: Lack of Trust in Effects of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: Lack of confidence in mRNA vaccines and their long-term effects

CONCERN 2: Needs proof that the vaccine will not kill in 2 years those taking it

CONCERN 3: Wait one year to see if there are no long-lasting side effects

CONCERN 4: Astra Zeneca vaccine determines blood clots

CONCERN 5: Fear vaccine may worsen existing conditions

THEME 4: Lack of Trust in role of COVID-19 vaccines for Public Health

CONCERN 1: People that do not believe that COVID-19 is real or do not believe that masks work should not be receiving vaccines be exempt from the vaccination

CONCERN 2: Because the authorities advocate so hard for COVID-19 vaccination should be the main reason for refusing the vaccine

CONCERN 3: Preference for getting COVID-19 and fighting it off than vaccinating

THEME 5: Lack of Trust in role of pharmaceutical companies in fighting COVID-19 infections

*CONCERN 1: Pharmaceutical companies will profit because COVID-19 waves will never end, thus requiring annual boosters

THEME 6: Lack of Trust in Ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: The COVID-19 Vaccine injects the dead SARS-COV2 virus in your body

THEME 7: Lack of Trust in Testing of COVID-19 vaccines

CONCERN 1: COVID-19 vaccines were ‘rushed,’ so they could still be unsafe

CONCERN 2: AstraZeneca used outdated information in its COVID-19 vaccine trials