Table 4.

Association of preventive strategies after index stroke with the primary and secondary endpoint

Patients	Preventive strategy	Composite outcome						Recurrent ischaemic stroke
		Unadjusted			Adjusted*			Unadjusted			Adjusted*
		OR (95%, CI)	P value	N events/total N in model	aOR (95%, CI)	P value	N events/total N in model	OR (95%, CI)	P value	N events/ total N in model	aOR (95%, CI)	P value	N events/ total N in model
All patients	Use of DOAC (vs VKA) after stroke	0.49 (0.34 to 0.71)	<0.001	194/1498	0.49 (0.32 to 0.73)	<0.001	179/1394	0.51 (0.29 to 0.90)	0.020	69/1489	0.44 (0.24 to 0.80)	0.007	62/1368
	Any anticoagulant switch	0.71(0.52 to 0.96)	0.024	194/1498	0.69 (0.49 to 0.96)	0.026	179/1394	1.03 (0.62 to 1.69)	0.916	69/1489	1.03 (0.60 to 1.77)	0.909	62/1368
	Addition of antiplatelets	1.34 (0.89 to 2.03)	0.164	251/1564	1.99(1.25 to 3.15)	0.004	225/1448	2.38 (1.31 to 4.32)	0.004	69/1505	2.66 (1.40 to 5.04)	0.003	62/1382
Patients with DOAC at the time of the stroke	Switch to another DOAC	0.83 (0.54 to 1.27)	0.380	94/829	0.81(0.51 to 1.29)	0.372	86/761	1.76 (0.89 to 3.47)	0.105	39/826	1.87 (0.88 to 3.99)	0.105	33/757
	Switch to DOAC with different dosing frequency	0.65 (0.41 to 1.03)	0.069	89/798	0.60 (0.36 to 1.00)	0.051	81/730	1.31 (0.67 to 2.58)	0.436	35/794	1.38 (0.64 to 2.98)	0.410	29/725
	Switch to DOAC with different mechanism of action	0.91 (0.55 to 1.52)	0.722	89/799	1.00 (0.57 to 1.76)	0.994	81/731	2.17 (1.09 to 4.33)	0.027	35/795	2.12 (0.96 to 4.69)	0.063	29/726
Patients with VKA at the time of the stroke	Switch to any DOAC	0.51 (0.33 to 0.79)	0.002	100/669	0.55 (0.33 to 0.91)	0.019	93/621	0.50 (0.24 to 1.06)	0.070	30/663	0.56 (0.25 to 1.29)	0.174	29/611
Patients with competing stroke mechanism	Addition of antiplatelets	1.02 (0.56 to 1.87)	0.936	70/414	1.88 (0.93 to 3.83)	0.080	63/361	1.83 (0.84 to 3.99)	0.128	30/409	2.19 (0.92 to 5.21)	0.075	27/359
Patients with insufficient anticoagulation	Switch to DOAC or correct DOAC dose	0.84 (0.50 to 1.41)	0.501	69/498	1.05 (0.58 to 1.90)	0.874	62/467	0.87 (0.33 to 2.32)	0.778	17/480	1.05 (0.35 to 3.12)	0.930	16/402
Patients with cardioembolism despite sufficient anticoagulation	Two times per day DOAC (vs any other anticoagulant)	0.29 (0.18 to 0.45)	<0.001	96/617	0.55 (0.31 to 0.97)	0.039	86/576	2.20 (0.64 to 7.56)	0.212	21/592	2.02 (0.53 to 7.69)	0.305	18/555

*Adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, dyslipidaemia, renal impairment, prior ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, current smoking, active malignancy, use of statins, use of antihypertensives.

aOR, adjusted OR; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K-antagonist.