Fig. 1.

(1A) Forest plot depicting the risk of incident diabetes in post-COVID-19 subjects as compared to controls (HR 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.40–1.81, p < 0.001, I²=94 %, random-effects model). (1B) Forest plot depicting the risk of incident diabetes in moderate-to-severe post-COVID-19 subjects as compared to patients with moderate-to-severe/hospitalized influenza (HR 1.52; 95 % CI: 1.36–1.70, p < 0.01, I²=0 %, fixed-effects model). (1C) Forest plot depicting the risk of incident diabetes in mild post-COVID-19 subjects as compared to patients with mild flu or acute upper respiratory infection (HR 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.14–1.31, p < 0.001, I²=0 %, fixed-effects model).