TABLE 2.
Median1,2 Infant Daily Vitamin D Intake (in mcg/day) and Proportion3 Receiving Vitamin D Supplementation and Meeting the Vitamin D Recommendation (10 mcg/day)4 among Infants Enrolled in WIC by Time and Feeding Type
| Month 1 n = 3398 | Month 3 n = 2881 | Month 5 n = 2631 | Month 7 n = 3121 | Month 9 n = 2443 | Month 11 n = 2316 | Month 13 n = 2799 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| |||||||
| Vitamin D intake (mcg), median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) | |||||||
| Total 4 | 5.43 (0.81,8.22) | 7.89 (4.59,10.52) | 8.58 (5.84,10.87) | 7.80 (5.14,10.52) | 7.52 (5.10,10.13) | 7.40 (5.07,10.13) | 8.18 (5.55,11.53) |
| Diet only | 4.24 (0.81,7.01) | 7.17 (2.38,9.35) | 8.16 (4.67,10.52) | 7.43 (4.53,9.67) | 7.23 (4.73,9.41) | 7.16 (4.73,9.50) | 7.88 (5.40,10.95) |
| Total vitamin D intake, by feeding type | |||||||
| Breastmilk | 0.811 (0.81,0.81) | 0.811 (0.81,1.39) | 0.811 (0.811,1.11) | 0.639 (0.62,0.99) | 0.747 (0.62,1.80) | 1.20 (0.74,2.53) | 3.25 (1.30,6.55) |
| Formula | 7.25 (5.84,9.02) | 8.77 (7.25,10.83) | 9.45 (7.87,11.69) | 8.62 (6.77,10.81) | 8.20 (6.35,10.52) | 7.93 (6.05,10.50) | 8.18 (6.08,11.48) |
| Both | 4.44 (2.63,7.09) | 5.50 (2.90,8.79) | 5.13 (2.90,8.27) | 4.20 (1.97,7.07) | 4.47 (2.54,7.33) | 4.81 (2.54,8.51) | 5.24 (3.76,7.56) |
| Neither | 8.93 (6.72,10.75) | 8.99 (6.20,12.71) | 9.04 (6.49,12.16) | ||||
| Proportion receiving supplemental vitamin D, n (%) | |||||||
| All | 410 (12.1) | 321 (11.1) | 218 (8.29) | 198 (6.34) | 153 (6.26) | 142 (6.13) | 165 (5.89) |
| By feeding type | |||||||
| Breastmilk | 198 (19.3) | 130 (23.0) | 86 (21.2) | 78 (27.6) | 51 (15.8) | 46 (15.8) | 45 (12.3) |
| Formula | 71 (5.22) | 89 (5.18) | 77 (4.24) | 82 (3.62) | 80 (4.29) | 72 (4.10) | 30 (5.60) |
| Both | 140 (14.1) | 102 (17.4) | 55 (13.8) | 37 (10.7) | 20 (10.3) | 15 (10.3) | 6 (11.3) |
| Neither | 1 (2.13) | 2 (3.45) | 9 (7.69) | 84 (4.59) | |||
| Proportion meeting vitamin D recommendation (≥10 mcg/day) 5 , among all participants, n (%) | |||||||
| All | 539 (15.9) | 852 (29.6) | 954 (36.3) | 895 (28.7) | 638 (26.1) | 611 (26.4) | 975 (34.8) |
| By feeding type | |||||||
| Breastmilk | 181 (17.6) | 123 (21.8) | 84 (20.7) | 74 (16.7) | 48 (14.9) | 43 (14.7) | 57 (15.5) |
| Formula | 217 (15.9) | 601 (35.0) | 786 (43.3) | 758 (33.4) | 544 (29.2) | 488 (27.8) | 182 (34) |
| Both | 140 (14.1) | 125 (21.3) | 82 (20.5) | 43 (12.4) | 27 (13.9) | 29 (19.9) | 10 (18.9) |
| Neither | 19 (40.4) | 18 (31) | 50 (42.7) | 723 (39.5) | |||
| Proportion meeting infant vitamin D recommendation (≥10 mcg/day) 5–6 , among those receiving supplementation, n (%) | |||||||
| All | 356 (86.8) | 270 (84.1) | 189 (86.7) | 169 (85.4) | 131 (85.6) | 121 (85.2) | 114 (69.1) |
| By feeding type | |||||||
| Breastmilk | 181 (91.4) | 123 (94.6) | 84 (97.7) | 74 (94.9) | 46 (90.2) | 43 (93.5) | 33 (73.3) |
| Formula | 59 (83.1) | 62 (69.7) | 56 (72.7) | 64 (78) | 66 (82.5) | 58 (80.6) | 21 (70) |
| Both | 115 (82.1) | 85 (83.3) | 49 (89.1) | 30 (81.1) | 18 (90) | 13 (86.7) | 5 (83.3) |
| Neither | 1 (100) | 1 (50) | 7 (77.8) | 55 (65.5) | |||
WIC: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; mcg: microgram; IU: International unit
Data presented as median (25th, 75th percentiles) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. We are describing n and % of infants meeting recommendation from total n at time of visit. Then within categories for feeding type, we describe n and % from total of each corresponding feeding type.
Data for continuous variables was weighted to be representative of participants enrolling in eligible WIC clinics in 2013, as per Appendix B1 of [38].
Categorical used unweighted proportions, counts were based on the sample for each month hence will not add up to 100% within feeding type category due to additional categories “refusal” and “don’t know”.
To convert mcg to IU of vitamin D × mcg by 40
Proportion meeting infant vitamin D recommendation is based on total vitamin D intake from diet and supplementation
The median vitamin D intake was 10 (95% CI: 10, 10) mcg/day across all time points among the group receiving supplementation, sample size ranged from: 410 (month 1), 321 (month 3), 218 (month 5), 198 (month 7), 153 (month 9), 142 (month 11), 165 (month 13).