Table 2.
Estimated area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) for serum IL-6 and WBC, for each injection type (placebo, vaccine) by levels of potential effect modifiers. Results from separate linear mixed effects models for each moderator, controlling for baseline (pre-injection) outcome level, age, cancer treatment, hormone treat-ment, obesity, depression, physical fitness, visit order, cancer stage, time since cancer treatment, and presence of comorbidities.
| AUCg, Mean (SE) | Difference in Difference (High-Low) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Moderator | Level* | Placebo | Vaccine | Difference | Mean (SE) | 95% CI | P-value |
|
| ||||||||
| ln(IL-6) | Age | Z-score = 0 | 9.4 (0.52) | 14.6 (0.53) | 5.2 (0.32) | |||
| Z-score = 1 | 10.1 (0.59) | 14.9 (0.60) | 4.8 (0.45) | −0.37 (0.32) | (−1.01, 0.26) | 0.25 | ||
| CESD | Z-score = 0 | 9.4 (0.52) | 14.6 (0.53) | 5.2 (0.32) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 9.5 (0.57) | 14.7 (0.60) | 5.1 (0.46) | −0.03 (0.33) | (−0.69, 0.62) | 0.92 | ||
| Trunk Fat | Z-score = 0 | 9.5 (0.52) | 14.6 (0.53) | 5.1 (0.29) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 10.4 (0.63) | 13.8 (0.63) | 3.5 (0.42) | −1.67 (0.29) | (−2.25, −1.09) | <0.0001 | ||
| VO2peak | Z-score = 0 | 9.5 (0.52) | 14.6 (0.53) | 5.1 (0.30) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 9.1 (0.61) | 15.7 (0.62) | 6.6 (0.42) | 1.48 (0.30) | (0.89, 2.07) | <0.0001 | ||
| Chemotherapy | No | 8.6 (0.70) | 15.3 (0.71) | 6.7 (0.54) | ||||
| Yes | 10.0 (0.54) | 14.4 (0.55) | 4.4 (0.38) | − 2.28 (0.66) | (−3.57, −0.98) | 0.0007 | ||
| Radiation | No | 8.9 (0.62) | 14.0 (0.62) | 5.0 (0.50) | ||||
| Yes | 10.0 (0.58) | 15.2 (0.60) | 5.2 (0.42) | 0.22 (0.66) | (−1.08, 1.52) | 0.74 | ||
| Hormone Tx | No | 9.8 (0.76) | 13.8 (0.78) | 4.0 (0.73) | ||||
| Yes | 9.4 (0.51) | 14.9 (0.52) | 5.4 (0.35) | 1.42 (0.81) | (−0.18, 3.02) | 0.08 | ||
| WBC | Age | Z-score = 0 | 27.5 (0.54) | 35.9 (0.55) | 8.4 (0.46) | |||
| Z-score = 1 | 27.1 (0.66) | 35.9 (0.67) | 8.8 (0.65) | 0.41 (0.46) | (−0.50, 1.32) | 0.38 | ||
| CESD | Z-score = 0 | 27.5 (0.54) | 35.9 (0.55) | 8.4 (0.46) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 27.6 (0.63) | 35.7 (0.66) | 8.1 (0.65) | − 0.29 (0.47) | (−1.21, 0.64) | 0.54 | ||
| Trunk Fat | Z-score = 0 | 27.6 (0.53) | 35.9 (0.54) | 8.3 (0.40) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 28.1 (0.69) | 33.5 (0.69) | 5.5 (0.57) | − 2.82 (0.40) | (−3.61, −2.02) | <0.0001 | ||
| VO2peak | Z-score = 0 | 27.6 (0.54) | 35.9 (0.54) | 8.4 (0.42) | ||||
| Z-score = 1 | 26.6 (0.70) | 37.2 (0.72) | 10.6 (0.59) | 2.28 (0.42) | (1.45, 3.12) | <0.0001 | ||
| Chemotherapy | No | 27.4 (0.81) | 38.3 (0.83) | 10.9 (0.76) | ||||
| Yes | 27.1 (0.55) | 34.2 (0.55) | 7.1 (0.53) | −3.77 (0.92) | (−5.59, −1.94) | <0.0001 | ||
| Radiation | No | 27.7 (0.69) | 36.1 (0.69) | 8.4 (0.72) | ||||
| Yes | 27.4 (0.63) | 35.7 (0.66) | 8.3 (0.60) | − 0.13 (0.95) | (−2.00, 1.74) | 0.89 | ||
| Hormone Tx | No | 28.1 (0.90) | 34.9 (0.91) | 6.9 (1.0) | ||||
| Yes | 27.5 (0.52) | 36.3 (0.53) | 8.7 (0.51) | 1.83 (1.16) | (−0.47, 4.12) | 0.12 | ||
*
Z-score = 0 is the AUCg at the average level of the moderator in the sample (e.g., at average age), and Z-score = 1 is the AUCg at one standard deviation above the average level of the moderator (e.g., age that is one SD above the mean age).