Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and serum cytokine levels of patients in each group.
| Group | Non-severe CAD | Severe CAD | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (GS < 30) | (GS≥30, n = 245) | ||||
| Non-CAD (n = 109) | Mild CAD (n = 148) | Total (n = 257) | |||
| Age, years | 59.12 ± 9.58 | 61.05 ± 8.98 | 60.23 ± 9.27 | 59.69 ± 11.04 | 0.229 |
| Male, n (%) | 55 (50.5) | 102 (68.9)A | 157 (61.1) | 191 (78.0)AbC | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.96 ± 3.59 | 25.62 ± 3.00 | 25.76 ± 3.26 | 26.04 ± 3.47 | 0.124 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 23 (21.1) | 60 (40.5)A | 83 (32.3) | 109 (44.5)AC | <0.001 |
| Basal diseases, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 65 (59.6) | 97 (65.5) | 162 (63.0) | 153 (62.4) | 0.620 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 61 (56.0) | 93 (62.8) | 154 (59.9) | 161 (65.7) | 0.216 |
| Diabetes | 18 (16.5) | 47 (31.8)A | 65 (25.3) | 112 (45.7)ABC | <0.001 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 49 (45.0) | 86 (58.1)a | 135 (52.5) | 147 (60.0)A | 0.027 |
| Statin | 60 (55.5) | 92 (62.2) | 152 (59.1) | 160 (65.3) | 0.185 |
| ACEI/ARB | 29 (26.6) | 42 (28.4) | 71 (27.6) | 74 (30.2) | 0.778 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||||
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.31 (0.95–1.75) | 1.36 (1.08–1.98) | 1.35 (1.00–1.82) | 1.46 (1.14–2.10)AC | 0.011 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.71 (3.27–4.80) | 3.78 (3.22–4.46) | 3.74 (3.25–4.54) | 3.66 (3.14–4.23) | 0.238 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.00 (0.87–1.17)a | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 0.88 (0.78–1.05)ABC | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.00 (1.67–2.87) | 2.11 (1.59–2.68) | 2.07 (1.62–2.76) | 2.00 (1.61–2.46) | 0.182 |
| nonHDL (mmol/L) | 2.64 (2.22–3.62) | 2.75 (2.18–3.44) | 2.67 (2.19–3.50) | 2.67 (2.18–3.25) | 0.655 |
| hsCRP (mg/l) | 0.79 (0.46–1.65) | 1.18 (0.65–3.06)A | 1.03 (0.55–2.35) | 1.12 (0.63–2.57)A | 0.003 |
| Hcy (μmol/l) | 13.10 (11.45–15.25) | 13.70 (12.10–15.10) | 13.30 (11.70–15.15) | 13.90 (11.80–16.00) | 0.168 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 5.16 (4.15–6.25) | 5.21 (4.49–6.27) | 5.20 (4.39–6.25) | 5.31 (4.57–6.51) | 0.255 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 66.6 (57.3–76.8) | 70.1 (62.5–79.3) | 69.1 (59.7–77.9) | 72.7 (64.0–84.0)AC | 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 97.4 (89.8–102.8) | 94.9 (85.0–102.7) | 96.2 (87.1–102.8) | 95.4 (85.0–104.4) | 0.399 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 326.7 (273.7–386.9) | 329.1 (277.0–387.2) | 328.1 (275.2–387.0) | 342.6 (277.7–401.6) | 0.727 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.04 (4.66–5.78) | 5.29 (4.77–6.31) | 5.14 (4.75–6.17) | 5.63 (4.81–7.03)AC | 0.002 |
| hsTnI (pg/ml) | 2.70 (1.25–5.00) | 2.90 (1.50–4.90) | 2.90 (1.40–4.95) | 5.00 (2.10–12.00)ABC | <0.001 |
| Cytokines (pg/ml) | |||||
| IL-1β | 1.62 (0.68–3.02) | 2.11 (0.62–3.34) | 1.91 (0.66–3.13) | 1.69 (0.57–2.96) | 0.294 |
| IL-2 | 0.75 (0.44–1.23) | 0.80 (0.42–1.30) | 0.76 (0.42–1.27) | 0.66 (0.41–1.09) | 0.246 |
| IL-4 | 1.38 (0.87–1.95) | 1.32 (0.70–1.85) | 1.36 (0.77–1.88) | 1.12 (0.59–1.64)AbC | 0.007 |
| IL-5 | 1.03 (0.47–1.82) | 0.99 (0.45–1.63) | 1.00 (0.45–1.69) | 0.97 (0.41–1.63) | 0.885 |
| IL-6 | 3.83 (2.37–6.43) | 4.38 (2.29–7.05) | 4.01 (2.29–6.87) | 4.31 (2.73–7.44) | 0.257 |
| IL-8 | 41.50 (21.18–96.05) | 51.70 (22.47–113.73) | 46.34 (21.84–108.21) | 47.83 (24.09–119.06) | 0.578 |
| IL-10 | 2.09 (1.58–3.04) | 2.13 (1.46–3.41) | 2.12 (1.52–3.15) | 2.12 (1.43–2.91) | 0.534 |
| IL-12p70 | 1.92 (1.28–2.54) | 2.01 (1.40–2.69) | 1.96 (1.33–2.59) | 1.40 (0.83–2.09)ABC | <0.001 |
| IL-17 | 4.22 (2.50–7.81) | 4.19 (1.97–9.06) | 4.22 (2.08–8.34) | 2.50 (0.67–4.86)ABC | <0.001 |
| TNF-α | 1.83 (0.92–2.97) | 1.73 (1.02–3.46) | 1.78 (0.94–3.14) | 1.76 (0.91–2.72) | 0.491 |
| IFN-α | 1.70 (0.96–2.48) | 1.60 (0.83–2.69) | 1.67 (0.88–2.59) | 1.50 (0.71–2.18)ac | 0.037 |
| IFN-γ | 1.27 (0.70–1.99) | 1.11 (0.48–1.92) | 1.23 (0.56–1.95) | 1.14 (0.54–1.89) | 0.594 |
| Gensini score | 2.5 (0–5) | 18.5 (12–23.5)A | 10 (3–20) | 60 (44–87)ABC | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as percentages, mean ± SD, or median (25th−75th percentile). Bold values signifies the statistical significance in the comparison of three groups (non-CAD, mild CAD, and severe CAD).
a
<0.05 vs. Non-CAD group;
b
p <0.05 vs. Mild CAD group;
c
p <0.05 vs. Total Non-severe CAD group.
A
p <0.01 vs. Non-CAD group;
B
p <0.01 vs. Mild CAD group;
C
p <0.01 vs. Total Non-severe CAD group.