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. 2022 May 16;10:877058. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877058

Table 4.

Research quality by study design.

Qualitative Quantitative Mixed
methods
Number of studies 54 59 34
Comparison group 1 26 12
Average research quality (−10 to +10) 5.39 5.18
Standard deviation of research quality 3.57 2.84
Research quality of 5 or greater 65% 61%
Research quality of 7 or greater 25% 50%

Mixed methods research quality was assessed separately for quantitative and qualitative components.