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Average research quality by study design and outdoor learning context.
| Qualitative | Quantitative | |
|---|---|---|
| Adventure therapy | 5.3 | |
| Outdoor adventure education | 5.6 | 5.4 |
| Regular field trips | 1.9 | 3.8 |
| Curricular lessons in local outdoors | 6.9 | 5.7 |
| Residential camp | 5.7 | 5.8 |
| School grounds | 4.0 | 5.5 |
| School gardens | 5.7 | 3.5 |
| Other | 5.2 | 5.1 |
Mixed methods research quality was assessed separately for quantitative and qualitative components.
