TABLE 2.

Reported high-yield GA production in recent years.

Strains	Fermentation Type	GA (g/L)	Volumetric Productivity (g/L/h)	References
A. niger	batch culture in air-lift bioreactor	150	2.3	Klein et al. (2002)
A. niger AN151	submerged fermentation	330	21.0 ± 0.9	Lu et al. (2015)
A. niger JCM 5549	immobilization/batch	272	6.1	Matsui et al. (2013)
A. niger SIIM M276	batch	76.67	0.86	Zhang et al. (2016)
A. niger NCIM 548	immobilization/batch	92	2.04	Mukhopadhyay et al. (2004)
A. niger IAM 2094	batch	80–100	1.13	Ikeda et al. (2006)
A. niger ORS-4410	batch	80.60	0.131	Singh et al. (2003)
A. niger ORS-4410	semi-continuous batch	110.94	0.9375	Singh, (2008)
A. pullulans (De Bary) DSM 7085	continuous batch in a cascading operation of two bioreactors	350–370	12.7–13.9	Anastassiadis and Rehm, (2006b)
P. variabile P16	double feeding fed-batch	240	2.02	Crognale et al. (2008)
G. oxydans NBIMCC 1043	batch	148.5	9.03	Velizarov and Beschkov, (1994)
G. oxydans DSM2003	cascade hydrolysis/batch fermentation	118.9	1.65	Hou et al. (2018)
Klebsiella pneumoniae Δgad	fed-batch	422	4.22	Wang et al. (2016)