TABLE 2.

Anti- Alzheimer’s activity of medicinal plants.

Plant	Part used	Bioactive phytocompounds	Activities	References
Salvia officinalis	Leaf extract	Diterpenes, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, quercetin	AchE, BchE inhibitor	Mook-Jung et al., 2001
Rosmarinus officinalis	Whole plant	Rosmarinic acid	Inhibition of Aβ accumulation	Mahaman et al., 2018
Melissa officinalis	Leaf extract	Flavonoids	Anticholinesterase activity	Choi et al., 2011
Ginkgo ginseng	Powder extract	Alkaloids, flavonoids	Memory enhancement	Xiao et al., 2010
Ficus racemosa	Bark extract	Tannins, saponins	Anticholinesterase activity	Song et al., 2014
Ficus carica	Fruit extract	Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins	Antioxidant and immunostimulant activity	Zhao et al., 2012
Tinospora cordifolia	Leaf extract	Flavonoids	Memory enhancement	Gomes et al., 2018
Lepidium meyenii	Root extract	Proteins	Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity	Singh, 2019
Panax ginseng	Whole plant extract	Ginsenosides	Memory enhancement	Ma et al., 2020
Celastrus paniculatus	Seed extract	Alkaloids, sesquiterpenes	AchE, BchE inhibitory activity and anti-oxidant	Desai et al., 2012
Coriandrum sativum	Seed and leaf extracts	Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, volatile oils	Neuroprotective activity	Dajas, 2012
Cissampelos pareira	Root and leaf extracts	Alkaloids	Inhibition of Aβ accumulation	Joshi and Parle, 2006
Moringa oleifera	Leaf extract	Proteins, fatty acid	Inhibition of Aβ accumulation	Smach et al., 2015
Nardostachys jatamansi	Root and leaf extracts	Sesquiterpenes	Inhibition of Aβ accumulation and anti-oxidant properties	Cuong et al., 2014
Evolvulus alsinoides	Leaf extract	Alkaloids and flavonoids	Anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activity	Wesnes et al., 2000
Bacopa monnieri	Flower and leaf extract	Alkaloids, bacoside-A, terpenoids	Anticholine esterase, antidementia, inhibition of Aβ accumulation	Kappally et al., 2015
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Root and leaf extract and glabridin	Glabridin, volatile oils	Antiamnesic	Taranalli and Cheeramkuzhy, 2000
Myristica fragrans	Seeds, fruits and leaf extract	Terpenes, flavonoids	Antioxidant, memory enhancement, ache inhibitor	Kumar et al., 2009
Magnolia officinalis	Fruits, leaf extract	Flavonoids, phenolics and anthocyanins	Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, neuroprotective	Ahmed et al., 2011
Punica granatum	Peel, seeds, and leaf extract	Flavonoids, phenolics and anthocyanins	Antioxidant, neuroprotective	Sumanth and Mamatha, 2014
Rhodiola rosea	Leaf and root extract	Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids	Neuroprotective, antiapoptotic	Ahmed, 2021
Withania somnifera	Fruits, leaf extract	Alkaloids, saponins, steroidal lactone, withanamides A and B	Anticholinesterase, inhibition of Aβ	Lee et al., 2008
Sargassum sagamianum	Whole part	Plastoquinones, sargaquinoic acid and sargam chromenol	AchE and BchE inhibitor	Mani and Parle, 2009
Ecklonia cava	Whole part	Eckol, 6-6’-bieckol, 8.8-bieckol, dieckol, phlorofucofuroeckol-a	Aβ accumulation, bche, ache inhibitory activity	Nomoto et al., 2021