Table 2.
- Prevalence of chronic diseases (diagnosed and screened)a in Saudi males and females in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.
| Disease | Diagnosed and screened | Total prevalence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus | Diagnosed casesb Males =162, Females=438 | Raised HbA1c on screening (≥6.5) | Total prevalencec (N=2962) (both diagnosed and screened) Males=961, Females=2001 | |
| Controlled HbA1c ≤7.0 | Uncontrolled HbA1c >7.0 | |||
| Male | 70 (7.3) | 92 (9.6) | 33 (4.1) | 195 (20.3) |
| Female | 203 (10.1) | 235 (11.8) | 59 (2.9) | 497 (24.8)* |
| Total | 273 (9.3) | 327 (11.0) | 92 (3.1) | 692 (23.4) |
| Hypertension | Diagnosed casesbMales= 145, Females= 396 | Raised blood pressure reading on screening only > 140 or/and > 90 | Total prevalencec (N=2987) (only physician diagnosed) Males=968,Females=2029 Total=2987 | |
| Controlled <140 and <90 | Uncontrolled≥ 140 or/and ≥ 90 | |||
| Males | 63 (6.5) | 82 (8.5) | 134 (16.3) | 145 (15.0) |
| Females | 225(11.1) | 171 (8.4)** | 148 (9.1) | 396 (19.5) |
| Total | 288 (9.6) | 253 (8.4) | 282 (11.5) | 541 (18.1) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | Diagnose d casesb Males= 174, Females= 516 | Raised cholesterol levels on screening ≥5.2 mmol/L | Total prevalencec (N=2985) (both diagnosed & screened) Males=965, Females=2020 | |
| Controlled <5.2 mmol/L | Uncontrolled ≥5.2 mmol/L | |||
| Males | 98 (10.1) | 76 (7.9) | 315 (32.6) | 489 (50.7) |
| Females | 236 (11.6) | 280 (13.9)*** | 563 (27.9) | 1079 (53.4) |
| Total | 334 (11.1) | 356 (11.9) | 878 (29.4) | 1568 (52.5) |
| Body mass index ‡ | Overweightb BMI ≥25.0 - ≤29.99 | Obesityb BMI ≥30 | Total prevalencec (N=2997) Males = 968, Females = 2029 | |
| Male | 363 (37.5) | 399 (41.2) | 762 (78.7) | |
| Female | 587 (28.9) | 1149 (56.7)§ | 1739 (85.7) | |
| Total | 950 (31.7) | 1548 (51.7) | 2504 (83.6) | |
| Waist circumference | Central obesityb Male >90 - <102 cms, Female >80 - <88 cms | High central obesityb Male >102cms, Female >88cms | Total prevalencec (N=2997) Males = 968, Females = 2029 | |
| Male | 256 (26.4) | 286 (29.5) | 542 (56) | |
| Female | 435 (21.4)‡ | 1252 (61.7)† | 1687 (83.1) | |
| Total | 691 (23.0) | 1538 (51.3) | 2229 (74.4) | |
Diagnosed cases were physician diagnosed and those identified on screened were identified on conducting blood tests, bRow percentage cColumn percentage, dMissing data: DM males=7 and females=28; High cholesterol males= 3 and females = 8; Hypertriglyceridemia males=12 and females=30, p-values calculated using the Chi square test, *Total prevalence of diabetes mellitus in females compared to males: odds ratio (95%CI)=1.30 (1.16, 1.56), p=0.006, **Uncontrolled cases of hypertension in females compared to males: odds ratio (95%CI) = 0.57 (0.39, 0.84), p=0.004, ***Uncontrolled cases of hypercholesterolemia in females compared to males: odds ratio (95%CI) = 1.60 (1.12, 2.25),p=0.008, §Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) in females compared to males: odds ratio (95% CI) = 2.02 (1.63, 2.50), p<0.001, ‡Prevalence of central obesity in females compared to males: odds ratio (95% CI) = 2.12 (1.72, 2.61), p<0.001, †Prevalence of high central obesity in females compared to males: odds ratio (95% CI)= 5.45 (4.50, 6.60), p<0.001