Table 1.
- Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of study participants, exposure to depression risk factors, and its association with severity of depression among adolescent students in Riyadh (n=960).
| Variables | Depression Status n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild n=649 (67.6) | Moderate n=194 (20.2) | Severe n=117 (12.2) | P-value | |
| Age | ||||
| 12-15 | 340 (73.3) | 75 (16.2) | 49 (10.6) | 0.002* |
| 16-19 | 309 (62.3) | 119 (24) | 68 (13.7) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 379 (76.9) | 73 (14.8) | 41 (8.3) | 0.000* |
| Female | 270 (57.8) | 121 (25.9) | 76 (16.3) | |
| Grade | ||||
| Intermediate school | 314 (71.4) | 75 (17.0) | 51 (11.6) | 0.051 |
| Secondary school | 335 (64.4) | 119 (22.9) | 66 (12.7) | |
| School type | ||||
| Public | 216 (60) | 97 (26.9) | 47 (13.1) | 0.004* |
| Private | 433 (72.2) | 97 (16.2) | 70 (11.7) | |
| Mother education level | ||||
| Low | 191 (64.1) | 67 (22.5) | 40 (13.4) | 0.186 |
| High | 305 (66.7) | 95 (21.0) | 56 (12.3) | |
| Not known | 153 (74.6) | 32 (15.1) | 21 (10.2) | |
| Father education level | ||||
| Low | 83 (53.5) | 48 (31.0) | 24 (15.5) | 0.004* |
| High | 431 (70) | 110 (17.9) | 75 (12.2) | |
| Not known | 135 (71.4) | 36 (19.0) | 18 (9.5) | |
| Parents Status | ||||
| Married | 597 (68.6) | 172 (19.8) | 101 (11.6) | 0.031* |
| Divorce | 36 (57.1) | 13 (20.6) | 14 (22.2) | |
| One or both died | 16 (59.3) | 9 (33.3) | 2 (7.4) | |
| Internet Use | ||||
| 0-2 hours | 108 (75.5) | 20 (14.0) | 15 (10.5) | 0.000* |
| 3-4 hours | 197 (75.2) | 47 (17.9) | 18 (6.9) | |
| >5 hours | 344 (62) | 127 (22.9) | 84 (15.1) | |
| Video Games | ||||
| 0-2 hours | 461 (67.3) | 143 (20.9) | 81 (11.8) | 0.169 |
| 3-4 hours | 111 (73.5) | 26 (17.2) | 14 (9.3) | |
| >5 hours | 77 (62.1) | 25 (20.2) | 22 (17.7) | |
| Relationship with family | ||||
| Poor | 5 (14.7) | 9 (26.5) | 20 (58.8) | 0.000* |
| Somewhat good | 78 (36.8) | 76 (35.8) | 58 (27.4) | |
| Very good | 566 (79.3) | 109 (15.3) | 39 (5.5) | |
| Relationship with friends | ||||
| Poor | 15 (37.5) | 9 (22.5) | 16 (40.0) | 0.000* |
| Somewhat good | 109 (53.7) | 53 (26.1) | 41 (20.2) | |
| Very good | 525 (73.2) | 132 (18.4) | 60 (8.4) | |
| Physically Active | ||||
| Yes | 259 (75.7) | 59 (17.3) | 24 (7.0) | 0.000* |
| No | 390 (63.1) | 135 (21.8) | 93 (15.0) | |
| Experienced physical violence by a parent | ||||
| Yes | 70 (42.9) | 44 (27.0) | 49 (30.1) | 0.000* |
| No | 579 (72.6) | 150 (18.8) | 68 (8.5) | |
| Experienced emotionally abused by a parent | ||||
| Yes | 101 (39.1) | 83 (32.2) | 74 (28.7) | 0.000* |
| No | 548 (78.1) | 111 (15.8) | 43 (6.1) | |
| The difficulty level in doing daily tasks or get along with people | ||||
| Not difficult at all | 401 (88.3) | 40 (8.8) | 13 (2.9) | 0.000* |
| Somewhat difficult | 234 (56.5) | 122 (29.5) | 58 (14.0) | |
| Very difficult | 12 (17.1) | 29 (41.4) | 29 (41.4) | |
| Extremely difficult | 2 (9.1) | 3 (13.6) | 17 (77.3) | |
Data is presented as numbers and percentages (%). *Statistically significant p<0.05