Figure 1.

The conceptual framework of eco-evolutionary feedbacks (after [26]). Previous studies in eco-evolutionary dynamics tended to focus on feedbacks between ecological processes and phenotypic adaptation (indicated by the solid line). Including genetic basis of phenotypic adaptation (as indicated by the dashed line) may improve our understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Note that the figure seems to be suggesting that the three components are separate, but they are confounded with one another.