Table 3.

Summary of studies regarding pain and psilocybin.

Author (y)	Groups Studied and Interventions	Results and Findings	Conclusions
Johnson et al. (2012) [53]	18 healthy volunteers were randomly selected to receive either escalating or de-escalating doses of psilocybin (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg) over 5 total, 8 h long sessions.	Mean onset of headache was 7.0 h after administration. The number of participants who reported a headache increased as the dose increased, with nearly all reporting headaches at 30mg.	Psilocybin causes headaches in a dose-related fashion.
Ramachandran et al. (2018) [54]	Case report of a patient who had intractable phantom limb pain after amputation described as a nail boring into the leg.	Psilocybin was paired with MVF, where a nail was visualized by the patient being removed from the leg.	Psilocybin-MVF worked synergistically to eliminate the pain that felt and decreased any paroxysmal episodes.