Table 1.
Toxigenic V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 infections, Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance (COVIS) system, United States, 1984–2014*
| Serogroup O75 | Serogroup O141 | |
|---|---|---|
| (N = 30) | (N = 21) | |
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | |
| Female | 15/30 (50) | 9/21 (43) |
| Age, years, median (range) | 49 (12–80) | 44 (16–86) |
| Specimen site | ||
| Stool | 29/30 (97) | 21/21 (100) |
| Blood | 1/30 (3) | 0/21 (0) |
| Symptoms | ||
| Diarrhoea | 30/30 (100) | 20/20 (100) |
| Abdominal cramps | 24/28 (86) | 11/16 (69) |
| Nausea | 21/30 (70) | 7/12 (58) |
| Headache | 15/28 (54) | 5/12 (42) |
| Vomiting | 14/28 (50) | 1/12 (8) |
| Fever | 9/24 (38) | 4/12 (33) |
| Myalgia | 10/24 (42) | 3/11 (27) |
| Bloody stool | 1/23 (4) | 2/11 (18) |
| Isolates susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested† | 30/30 (100) | 21/21 (100) |
| Hospitalized | 10/29 (34) | 6/13 (46) |
| Died | 0/30 (0) | 0/21 (0) |
| Month of illness onset | March–November | May–October |
| Any seafood exposure‡ | 27/28 (96) | 12/16 (75) |
| Oysters | 21/26 (81) | 5/11 (45) |
| Crab | 6/26 (23) | 1/9 (11) |
| Shrimp | 9/24 (38) | 1/8 (13) |
| Clams | 1/24 (4) | 4/13 (31) |
| Any recreational water exposure | 5/26 (19) | 7/14 (50) |
| Single exposure§ | ||
| Oysters | 12/13 (92) | 3/9 (33) |
| Crab | 1/13 (8) | 0/9 (0) |
| Shrimp | 0/13 (0) | 0/9 (0) |
| Clams | 0/13 (0) | 2/9 (22) |
| Recreational fresh water | 0/13 (0) | 4/9 (45) |
In addition, a 38-year-old woman from Texas had an untypable infection. She experienced diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, headache, and vomiting. The isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. She was not hospitalized and survived her illness. She did not report seafood exposure or out-of-state travel. She ingested river water while tubing down the Comal River near Austin, Texas, in the week before her illness began.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria for V. cholerae susceptibility include ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Other drugs of medical importance also were tested.
Nineteen of the patients infected with O75 ate raw oysters, while five of the O141 patients ate raw oysters. Two of the patients infected with O141 ate raw clams.
Eleven patients infected with O75 reported eating raw oysters. Three of the O141 patients reported eating raw oysters and two reported eating raw clams.