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. 2022 May 16;13:878280. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878280

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Copyright © 2022 Pánico, Velasco, Salazar, Picones, Ortiz-Huidobro, Guerrero-Palomo, Salgado-Bernabé, Ostrosky-Wegman and Hiriart

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The multiple effects of arsenic on lipid homeostasis and the progress to pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia. The effects of arsenic are shown with red font. Arsenic alters synthesis and oxidation of lipids in liver, promoting the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Also, arsenic diminishes HDL-cholesterol, and increases LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides, which are characteristics of pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia. Besides, arsenic promotes lipid peroxidation, which also promotes atherosclerosis. Arsenic exposure correlates with high levels of oxidized LDL and C-reactive protein (CRP) which contributes to systemic inflammation and alterations to lipid metabolism in other tissues. These alterations lead to insulin resistance and are a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. CVD, cardiovascular disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; FFA, free fatty acids; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; TAG, triglycerides; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein. Created with BioRender.com.