Table 1.

Summary of published reports describing the microbiology of war wound infections in Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Lebanon

Military/civilian	Study sample	Site	Infection rate	Outcome	Most common organism	Study
Iraq
British military	48	Open femur fractures	8·33%	4% underwent amputation	S. aureus	[20]
US military	300	Lower extremity amputations	27%	53% underwent reoperation	n.s.	[72]
British military	182	Chest	10·44%	4·9% overall mortality	n.s.	[73]
US military	192	Diaphyseal tibia fractures	27%	22% underwent amputation	ABC (surveillance) S. aureus (infected)	[11]
US military	16 742	Variable	5·5%	0·6% overall mortality	Gram negatives	[6]
Civilian	137	Chronic osteomyelitis	78%	n.s.	S. aureus	[32]
Military and civilian	211	Variable	26·5%	3·57% mortality among infected	ABC	[17]
US military	49	Variable	49%	n.s.	Coagulase-negative staphylococci	[12]
Syria
Civilian	100	Variable	12%	2% overall mortality	n.s.	[24]
Military and civilian	66	Cranial trauma	10·6%	4·5% overall mortality	n.s.	[31]
Military and civilian	345	Variable	18%	n.s.	P. aeruginosa	[10]
Military and civilian	186	Cranial trauma	6·45%	31·7% overall mortality	n.s.	[9]
Israel
Civilian	21	Variable	30% with Candida	43% mortality with candidaemia	Candida	[52]
Military	Group 1982: 184 Group 1973: 130	Extremities	Group 1982: 30·5% Group 1973: 31·5%	n.s.	P. aeruginosa	[46]
Military and civilian	41	Burns	58·53%	14·61% overall mortality	P. aeruginosa	[45]
Military	420	Variable	22%	1·90% overall mortality 1·20% mortality from infection	P. aeruginosa	[44]
Military and civilian	142	Chest trauma	4·9%	7·75% overall mortality	n.s.	[43]
Military	624	Variable	12·5%	6 cases of bacterial sepsis	P. aeruginosa	[42]
Lebanon
Military and civilian	350	Total body cluster munitions	19·4%	0·85% bacteremia	P. aeruginosa	[62]
Military and civilian	272	Cranial trauma	11·39%	n.s.	n.s.	[29]
Military and civilian	1021	Head and neck injuries	12%	n.s.	S. aureus	[55]

ABC, Acinetobacter baumannii complex; n.s., not stated.