Table 3.

Mixed-effects logistic regression model of the effects of group, context, and language on the odds of exhibiting cross-speaker and intrasentential code-switching.

Variable	Log-odds of cross-speaker CS				Log-odds of intrasentential CS
	Estimate	SE	χ2	p	Estimate	SE	χ2	p
Intercept	−3.97	0.71			0.010	0.31
Age in years (centered)	−0.47	0.24	3.99	.046	−0.41	0.23	3.23	.072
Level of maternal edu. (centered)	−0.59	0.17	16.79	< .001	−0.15	0.12	1.47	.225
Group (TLD vs. DLD)	2.82	0.72	19.88	< .001	0.32	0.50	0.40	.525
Context (single vs. dual)	0.95	0.42	5.57	.018	−0.41	0.32	1.63	.202
Partner language (Span vs. Eng)	1.71	0.59	10.35	< .001	−1.93	0.37	35.38	< .001
Language × Group	−3.49	0.93	17.21	< .001

Note. Bold shows significant predictors based on a likelihood ratio test. The reference categories for dichotomous variables were TLD (for group), single language (for context), and Spanish (for partner language). The text describes effects when changing the reference category for group and for partner language. edu. = education; TLD = typical language development; DLD = developmental language disorder; Span = Spanish; Eng = English.