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. 2022 May 16;13:848957. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848957

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

PPARγ/SOCS3 pathway in astilbin-treated CD4+ T cells. Effects of astilbin on the expression of SOCS3 and STAT3/p-STAT3 of unstimulated, IL-12- (A), or α-CD3/α-CD28− (B) stimulated CD4+ T cells by Western blot analysis. (C) Effects of 80 μg/ml astilbin on SOCS3 and STAT3/p-STAT3 of activated CD4+ T cells at different time points. (D) Variations of PPARγ/p-PPARγ and Nrf2 in astilbin-treated CD4+ T cells. (E) Parallel expression of p-PPARγ and SOCS3 in astilbin-treated CD4+ T cells. (F) Inhibiting PPARγ by GW9662 decreased SOCS3 expression. Effects of GW9662 on TNF-α (G), IFN-γ (H), and CCR9 (I) expression in astilbin-treated CD4+ T cells. Mean ± SD; n = 3. (J) TNF-α production of astilbin-treated Nrf2 −/− CD4+ T cells. Mean ± SD; n = 3. (K) Diagram of PPAR/SOCS3 pathway on CD4+ T cells by astilbin. Each experiment was repeated at least three times. The inhibitor of PPAR, GW9662, is abbreviated as PPARi. p values (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01) determined by one-way ANOVA (G–J).