Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by homelessness in the past 6 months among the ACCESS cohort, an ongoing prospective cohort of HIV-positive people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada (n = 802)
| Characteristic | Total n (%) | Homelessness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes 224 (27.9%) n (%) |
No 578 (72.1%) n (%) |
Chi-square (χ2) value | P-value | ||
| VACS Indexb | |||||
| Median | 18 | 21.5 | 18 | 1.12 | 0.291 |
| IQR | (12–29) | (15–30) | (11–29) | ||
| Ageb | |||||
| Median | 44 | 41 | 44 | 15.96 | < 0.001 |
| IQR | (37–49) | (35–47) | (38–50) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 256 (31.8) | 73 (32.6) | 182 (31.5) | 0.09 | 0.764 |
| Male | 549 (68.2) | 151 (67.4) | 396 (68.5) | ||
| White ancestry | |||||
| Yes | 437 (54.8) | 126 (56.8) | 310 (54.1) | 0.46 | 0.500 |
| No | 361 (45.2) | 96 (43.2) | 263 (45.1) | ||
| Employmenta | |||||
| Yes | 136 (16.9) | 32 (14.3) | 104 (18.0) | 1.58 | 0.209 |
| No | 669 (83.1) | 192 (85.7) | 474 (82.0) | ||
| Cocaine usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 54 (6.7) | 28 (12.6) | 26 (4.5) | 16.56 | < 0.001 |
| < Daily | 749 (93.3) | 195 (87.4) | 551 (95.5) | ||
| Crack usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 239 (29.9) | 84 (38.0) | 154 (26.7) | 9.69 | 0.002 |
| < Daily | 561 (70.1) | 137 (62.0) | 422 (73.3) | ||
| Heroin usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 107 (13.3) | 59 (26.5) | 48 (8.3) | 45.67 | < 0.001 |
| < Daily | 696 (86.7) | 164 (73.5) | 529 (91.7) | ||
| Methamphetamine usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 54 (6.7) | 18 (8.1) | 36 (6.2) | 0.86 | 0.354 |
| < Daily | 749 (93.3) | 205 (91.9) | 541 (93.8) | ||
| Prescription opioid usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 35 (4.4) | 13 (5.8) | 22 (3.8) | 1.56 | 0.211 |
| < Daily | 768 (95.6) | 210 (93.8) | 555 (96.2) | ||
| Alcohol usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 49 (6.1) | 18 (8.0) | 31 (5.4) | 2.01 | 0.156 |
| < Daily | 756 (93.9) | 206 (92.0) | 547 (94.6) | ||
| Cannabis usea | |||||
| ≥ Daily | 203 (25.2) | 59 (26.3) | 143 (24.7) | 0.22 | 0.640 |
| < Daily | 602 (74.8) | 165 (73.7) | 435 (75.3) | ||
| Injection drug usea | |||||
| Yes | 569 (70.9) | 184 (82.5) | 382 (66.2) | 20.67 | < 0.001 |
| No | 234 (29.1) | 39 (17.5) | 195 (33.8) | ||
| Mental illnessa | |||||
| Yes | 441 (55.3) | 122 (55.2) | 316 (55.1) | 0.01 | 0.969 |
| No | 357 (44.7) | 99 (44.8) | 258 (45.0) | ||
| Opioid agonist therapya | |||||
| Yes | 360 (45.0) | 99 (44.4) | 260 (45.3) | 0.05 | 0.818 |
| No | 440 (55.0) | 124 (54.6) | 314 (54.7) | ||
| Drug or alcohol treatmenta | |||||
| Yes | 75 (9.4) | 26 (11.7) | 48 (8.4) | 2.05 | 0.152 |
| No | 724 (90.6) | 197 (88.3) | 525 (91.6) | ||
| Incarcerationa | |||||
| Yes | 86 (10.7) | 45 (20.2) | 40 (6.9) | 29.62 | < 0.001 |
| No | 716 (89.3) | 178 (79.8) | 536 (93.1) | ||
| Community supervisiona | |||||
| Yes | 114 (14.4) | 48 (21.7) | 65 (11.4) | 13.69 | < 0.001 |
| No | 678 (85.6) | 173 (78.3) | 503 (88.6) | ||
| ART adherence | |||||
| ≥ 95% | 466 (57.9%) | 108 (48.2%) | 357 (61.8%) | 12.17 | 0.001 |
| < 95% | 339 (42.1%) | 116 (51.8%) | 221 (38.2%) | ||
Bold text refers to P-values < 0.05
a
Refers to activities in the 6 months prior to the follow-up interview, IQR interquartile range, Not all cells may add up to 802 as participants may choose not to answer sensitive questions
b
Refers to continuous variables where the Wilcoxon’s rank sum test was used to compare group distributions above versus below the median value