Table 2.
Bivariable and multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects analysis of factors associated with the VACS Index among 802 participants
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Final adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Homelessness (yes vs. no) | 0.65 (0.01, 1.31) | 0.049 | 1.20 (0.55, 1.84) | < 0.001 |
| Age (OR per year older) | 0.59 (0.53, 0.64) | < 0.001 | ||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.87 (− 1.03, 2.77) | 0.372 | ||
| White ethnicity (yes vs. no) | 2.44 (0.66, 4.22) | 0.007 | ||
| Employmenta (yes vs. no) | − 0.47 (− 1.06, 0.11) | 0.112 | ||
| Crack usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | 0.05 (− 0.56, 0.65) | 0.880 | ||
| Cocaine usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | − 0.27 (− 1.21, 0.67) | 0.571 | ||
| Heroin usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | 0.17 (− 0.61, 0.94) | 0.677 | ||
| Methamphetamine usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | − 1.01 (− 2.08, 0.05) | 0.062 | ||
| Prescription opioid usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | − 0.37 (− 1.47, 0.74) | 0.514 | ||
| Alcohol usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | 0.94 (− 0.05, 1.93) | 0.063 | ||
| Cannabis usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | − 0.09 (− 0.75, 0.58) | 0.800 | ||
| Injection drug usea (≥ daily vs. < daily) | − 0.44 (− 0.99, 0.12) | 0.122 | ||
| Mental illnessa (yes vs. no) | 1.55 (0.57, 2.52) | 0.002 | ||
| Opioid agonist therapya (yes vs. no) | − 0.14 (− 0.86, 0.59) | 0.714 | ||
| Drug or alcohol treatmenta (yes vs. no) | − 0.46 (− 1.26, 0.35) | 0.268 | ||
| Incarcerationa (yes vs. no) | − 0.51 (− 1.48, 0.45) | 0.298 | ||
| Community supervisiona (yes vs. no) | − 1.00 (− 1.76, − 0.23) | 0.011 | ||
| ART adherence (≥ 95% vs. < 95%) | − 2.76 (− 3.21, − 2.31) | < 0.001 | − 3.13 (− 3.58, − 2.68) | < 0.001 |
| Time since baseline (per year longer) | 0.53 (0.46, 0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.60 (0.53, 0.67) | < 0.001 |
CI confidence interval, ART antiretroviral therapy
a
Refers to activities in the 6 months prior to the follow-up interview, bold text refers to P-values < 0.05