Table 5.
Association between each pathogen combination and all-cause mortality in subjects aged ⩾25 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–1994)
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | |
| Pathogen combinations | |||
| Seronegative for all pathogens | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
| CMV+ | 3·63 (2·17–6·09)* | 1·57 (0·98–2·52) | 1·50 (0·91–2·45) |
| HSV-1+ | 2·02 (1·22–3·35)* | 1·12 (0·72–1·76) | 1·07 (0·70–1·65) |
| HSV-2+ | 1·05 (0·49–2·23) | 1·37 (0·77–2·42) | 1·27 (0·73–2·22) |
| H. pylori+ | 3·45 (1·45–8·20)* | 1·92 (0·85–4·34) | 1·81 (0·85–3·86) |
| CMV+/HSV-1+ | 4·89 (3·14–7·62)* | 1·45 (0·99–2·14) | 1·34 (0·92–1·95) |
| CMV+/HSV-2+ | 3·91 (2·06–7·43)* | 2·10 (1·21–3·65)* | 1·95 (1·13–3·35)* |
| CMV+/H. pylori+ | 4·73 (2·94–7·62)* | 1·42 (0·83–2·42) | 1·22 (0·71–2·08) |
| HSV-1+/HSV-2+ | 1·77 (0·85–3·68)* | 1·45 (0·71–2·95) | 1·40 (0·68–2·91) |
| HSV-1+/H. pylori+ | 5·49 (2·84–10·61)* | 2·01 (1·10–3·67)* | 1·75 (0·95–3·22) |
| HSV-2+/H. pylori+ | 2·72 (0·56–13·15) | 2·08 (0·60–7·19) | 2·07 (0·59–7·21) |
| CMV+/HSV-1+/HSV-2+ | 4·90 (2·93–8·19)* | 1·66 (1·11–2·47)* | 1·44 (0·98–2·12) |
| CMV+/HSV-1+/H. pylori + | 6·90 (4·77–9·99)* | 1·34 (0·97–1·85) | 1·18 (0·86–1·62) |
| CMV+/HSV-2+/H. pylori+ | 4·59 (2·09–10·07)* | 1·73 (1·00–3·00)* | 1·34 (0·72–2·51) |
| HSV-1+/HSV-2+/H. pylori+ | 3·23 (1·26–8·25)* | 1·31 (0·56–3·04) | 1·11 (0·46–2·66) |
| CMV+/HSV-1+/HSV-2+/H. pylori+ | 7·85 (5·27–11·70)* | 1·56 (1·04–2·35)* | 1·38 (0·92–2·06) |
| Age, years | — | 1·09 (1·09–1·10)* | 1·10 (1·09–1·11)* |
| Gender | |||
| Female | — | 1·0 | 1·0 |
| Male | — | 1·48 (1·32–1·66)* | 1·38 (1·24–1·53)* |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | — | 1·0 | 1·0 |
| Non-Hispanic black | — | 1·18 (1·01–1·39) | 1·16 (1·00–1·36)** |
| Other | — | 0·67 (0·54–0·81)* | 0·70 (0·58–0·85)* |
| Education level, years | — | 0·96 (0·94–0·98)* | 0·96 (0·94–0·98)* |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | — | — | 1·01 (1·00–1·03) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | — | — | 1·0 |
| Former | — | — | 1·28 (1·10–1·49)* |
| Current | — | — | 2·22 (1·87–2·63)* |
CMV, Cytomegalovirus; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus-1; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus-2.
†
Model 1 unadjusted (N = 6522).
‡
Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity and education level (N = 6480).
§
Model 3 additionally adjusted for body mass index and smoking status (N = 6457).
*
P < 0·05.