Table 4.
Characteristics of day-care centres (DCCs) participating in the surveillance network. Adjusted incidence rate rations (aIRRs) represent the associations between DCC characteristics and the occurrence of gastroenteritis, rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, G. lamblia and C. hominis in DCC attendees
| % DCCs with specific characteristicsa or their median valuesb (95% CI) | Gastroenteritis aIRRc (95% CI) | Rotavirus aIRRc (95% CI) | Norovirus aIRRc (95% CI) | Astrovirus aIRRc (95% CI) | G. lamblia aIRRc (95% CI) | C. hominis aIRRc (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Median DCC capacity (no. of children) | 78·8 (12·0–172·0)* | 1·001 (1·001–1·003) | 1·001 (1·001–1·002) | ||||
| Crowding of DCC environment (%)d | 43·1 (35·3–71·4)* | 1·007 (1·006–1·021) | |||||
| Children/staff member ratio | 5·7 (2·4–8·3)* | ||||||
| Mixing of staff members in child groups (%) | 16·5 (15·8–17·3) | 1·8 (1·0–3·6) | |||||
| Vertical child group structure (% DCCs) | 35·7 (47·1–66·9) | ||||||
| Facility design | |||||||
| Presence of sandpit(s) | 59·0 (49·2–68·9) | 1·9 (1·3–2·8) | 3·2 (1·9–5·1) | ||||
| Presence of paddling pool(s) | 30·4 (20·8–39·1) | 1·5 (1·3–1·9) | |||||
| Presence of dedicated child toilet(s) and/or sink(s) | 77·3 (76·2–78·7) | ||||||
| Presence of dedicated nappy-changing area(s) | 37·2 (27·4–46·7) | 2·2 (1·7–2·8) | |||||
| Presence of dedicated clothes washing area(s) | 45·8 (35·0–46·6) | ||||||
| Presence of paper towels | 46·5 (36·1–55·9) | ||||||
| Ownership of animalse | 8·9 (2·65–12·4) | 2·5 (1·2–5·3) | |||||
| In summer | − | 18·2 (8·9–37·4) | |||||
| In spring, autumn or winter | − | 8·4 (4·6–15·6) | |||||
| Staff members with multiple daily duties | 77·6 (68·6–85·4) | 2·7 (1·0–7·7) | |||||
| Policies for disease control | |||||||
| Hand/food hygiene for childrenf | 37·5 (27·6–47·3) | ||||||
| Hand/food hygiene for personnelf | 31·6 (21·8–40·2) | ||||||
| Cleaning with chlorine tablets | 7·0 (2·0–12·1) | 0·1 (0·04–0·3) | |||||
| Cleaning vomit with paper towels and cleanerg | 62·0 (52·3–61·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·7) | |||||
| Cleaning vomit with paper towels and no cleanerg | 38·0 (47·7–38·4) | 1·3 (1·0–1·6) | |||||
| Cleaning children's potty in normal sink | 29·65 (20·36–38·93) | 1·9 (1·2–3·0) | |||||
| Daily cleaning of | |||||||
| Kitchen | 93·94 (87·27–97·74) | ||||||
| Toilet | 91·58 (84·08–96·29) | ||||||
| Toys | 15·38 (8·67–24·46) | 0·5 (0·2–0·9) | |||||
| Bed linen | 69·47 (59·18–78·51) | 0·7 (0·5–0·9) | |||||
| Measures undertaken during suspected outbreak | |||||||
| Ill children have separate toilet | 12·03 (6·36–20·02) | 0·4 (0·2–0·8) | |||||
| No mixing of staff members | 64·35 (53·78–73·36) | 0·6 (0·5–0·9) | |||||
| Excluding personnel with gastroenteritis | 8·7 (2·5–13·2) | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | ||||
| Extra cleaning of toys | 69·18 (58·97–77·87) | 0·4 (0·2–0·7) | |||||
| Excluding children with gastroenteritis | 16·4 (4·5–28·1) | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) | |||||
| Notification to local health authorities | 35·1 (25·5–44·5) | 1·7 (1·1–2·7) |
CI, Confidence interval.
Adjusted for year, season, socioeconomic status and degree of urbanization.
Calculated as: [1 – (maximum number of DCC-attending children per day/overall DCC capacity)]×100.
For dummy variables.
For numerical variables.
Present at DCCs: cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents, goats, cows, pigs, horses and birds.
Calculated as the percentage of DCCs that always wash the hands of children/staff before and after eating and after a visit to the toilet.
Compared to cleaning with a cloth.
2·5th and 97·5th percentiles, not 95% CIs.