Table 3.
Disease complications of paediatric A(HIN1)pdm influenza cases by hospitalized status, univariate analysis
| Non-hospitalized (N = 316) n (%) | Hospitalized, non-ICU (N = 263) n (%) | Hospitalized, ICU (N = 116) n (%) | Univariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | (OR) | 95% CI | ||||
| Any disease complication | 74 (23) | 152 (58) | 109 (94) | <0·001 | (8·79) | 6·33–12·21 |
| Acute respiratory distress | 14 (4) | 10 (4) | 40 (34) | <0·001 | (8·61) | 4·95–14·99 |
| Atelectasis | 5 (2) | 4 (2) | 5 (4) | 0·166 | (2·07) | 0·74–5·79 |
| Central nervous system manifestations | 5 (2) | 10 (3·8) | 17 (15) | <0·001 | (6·01) | 2·99–12·11 |
| Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (2·6) | 0·001* | ||
| Heart failure | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0·0053* | ||
| Kidney failure | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (3) | 0·0089* | ||
| Liver manifestations | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0·1455* | ||
| Otitis media | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 0·122* | ||
| Pharyngitis | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 4 (3) | 0·040 | (3·40) | 1·06–10·94 |
| Pleural effusion | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 15 (13) | <0·001* | ||
| Pneumonia | 8 (3) | 70 (27) | 72 (62) | <0·001 | (13·09) | 8·77–19·55 |
| Pneumothorax | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (4) | 0·028* | ||
| Sepsis | 0 (0) | 10 (4) | 21 (18) | <0·001* | ||
| S. aureus co-infection | 0 (0) | 6 (2) | 7 (6) | <0·001* | ||
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*
Unable to calculate or unreliable OR or 95% CI due to zero count cells.