Table 1.
Risk factors associated with presentation with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in English residents attending GUM clinics 2009–2011: women (n = 1 252 043)*
| Variable | Number (% T. vaginalis) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (yr) | <0·001 | |||
| <15 | 40 (0·3) | 0·55 (0·40–0·75) | 0·47 (0·34–0·64) | |
| 15–19 | 1906 (16·0) | 0·98 (0·93–1·04) | 0·94 (0·88–0·99) | |
| 20–24 | 2927 (24·5) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| 25–29 | 2085 (17·5) | 1·07 (1·01–1·13) | 1·05 (0·99–1·11) | |
| 30–34 | 1298 (10·9) | 1·15 (1·08–1·23) | 1·12 (1·05–1·20) | |
| 35–39 | 1067 (8·9) | 1·48 (1·38–1·59) | 1·48 (1·37–1·59) | |
| 40–44 | 1073 (9·0) | 2·04 (1·90–2·19) | 1·97 (1·83–2·12) | |
| 45–49 | 858 (7·2) | 2·46 (2·28–2·66) | 2·38 (2·20–2·58) | |
| 50–54 | 444 (3·7) | 2·51 (2·27–2·78) | 2·62 (2·36–2·90) | |
| 55–59 | 135 (1·1) | 1·63 (1·37–1·94) | 1·93 (1·62–2·30) | |
| ⩾60 | 96 (0·8) | 1·28 (1·04–1·57) | 1·57 (1·28–1·93) | |
| Ethnic group | <0·001 | |||
| White | 6204 (52·0) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| Mixed | 964 (8·1) | 3·82 (3·56–4·09) | 3·01 (2·80–3·23) | |
| Black Caribbean | 2362 (19·8) | 8·56 (8·16–8·99) | 4·23 (3·98–4·50) | |
| Black African | 858 (7·2) | 2·46 (2·29–2·64) | 2·70 (2·45–2·99) | |
| Black other | 725 (6·1) | 6·79 (6·28–7·34) | 4·13 (3·80–4·49) | |
| Asian | 548 (4·6) | 1·94 (1·78–2·12) | 1·83 (1·66–2·00) | |
| Other | 268 (2·3) | 1·42 (1·26–1·61) | 1·44 (1·27–1·64) | |
| Region of birth | <0·001 | |||
| UK | 9414 (78·9) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| Europe (non-UK) | 563 (4·7) | 0·67 (0·61–0·72) | 0·66 (0·60–0·72) | |
| Caribbean | 862 (7·2) | 6·53 (6·08–7·02) | 1·27 (1·16–1·38) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 677 (5·7) | 1·18 (1·09–1·28) | 0·42 (0·38–0·46) | |
| Other | 413 (3·5) | 0·64 (0·59–0·71) | 0·44 (0·40–0·49) | |
| IMD score | <0·001 | |||
| 1 (most deprived) | 5794 (48·6) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| 2 | 3287 (27·6) | 0·60 (0·57–0·62) | 0·67 (0·64–0·70) | |
| 3 | 1507 (12·6) | 0·35 (0·33–0·37) | 0·45 (0·43–0·48) | |
| 4 | 838 (7·2) | 0·23 (0·22–0·25) | 0·34 (0·32–0·37) | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 503 (4·2) | 0·16 (0·15–0·17) | 0·25 (0·23–0·28) | |
| Strategic Health Authority | <0·001 | |||
| London | 5326 (44·7) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| North East | 136 (1·1) | 0·15 (0·13–0·18) | 0·26 (0·22–0·31) | |
| North West | 1048 (8·8) | 0·44 (0·41–0·47) | 0·64 (0·60–0·69) | |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 1064 (8·9) | 0·64 (0·60–0·69) | 0·97 (0·90–1·04) | |
| East Midlands | 785 (6·6) | 0·66 (0·61–0·71) | 1·06 (0·98–1·15) | |
| West Midlands | 1497 (12·6) | 1·02 (0·96–1·08) | 1·15 (1·09–1·23) | |
| East of England | 806 (6·8) | 0·49 (0·45–0·53) | 0·96 (0·89–1·04) | |
| South East | 400 (3·4) | 0·25 (0·22–0·27) | 0·54 (0·49–0·60) | |
| South Central | 384 (3·2) | 0·28 (0·25–0·31) | 0·61 (0·54–0·67) | |
| South West | 483 (4·1) | 0·37 (0·33–0·40) | 0·73 (0·66–0·81) | |
| Acute STI infection | ||||
| Chlamydia | 1259 (10·6) | 1·57 (1·48–1·67) | 1·58 (1·49–1·68) | <0·001 |
| Gonorrhoea | 456 (3·8) | 5·65 (5·13–6·22) | 3·66 (3·30–4·05) | <0·001 |
| Herpes† | 250 (2·1) | 0·78 (0·69–0·88) | 0·86 (0·76–0·98) | 0·020 |
| Warts‡ | 311 (2·6) | 0·46 (0·41–0·51) | 0·62 (0·55–0·69) | <0·001 |
| Other vaginal condition | ||||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 2054 (17·2) | 1·65 (1·57–1·73) | 1·14 (1·07–1·21) | <0·001 |
| Candidiasis | 1283 (10·8) | 1·22 (1·15–1·29) | 1·13 (1·07–1·18) | <0·001 |
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.
*
Analysis based on first episode of T. vaginalis or first patient visit. Mixed ethnic group includes white and black Caribbean, white and black African, white and Asian and any other mixed background. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios calculated using logistic regression.
†
First episode of herpes.
‡
First episode of warts.