Table 1.
Demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 1051 patients with Escherichia coli bacteraemia according to age group
| Young (Y)* (18–64 yr) (n = 395) | Old (O)* (65–79 yr) (n = 372) | Very old (VO)* (⩾ 80 yr) (n = 284) | Global P value | P (Y-O) | P (Y-VO) | P (O-VO) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender, n (%) | 184 (46·6) | 182 (48·9) | 81 (28·5) | <0·0001 | 0·52 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Median weight, kg (range) | 69·0 (32–181) | 70·0 (36–165) | 65·0 (34–110) | <0·0001 | 0·96 | 0·001 | <0·001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (range) | 25 (14–63) | 25 (14–39) | 24 (16–40) | 0·11 | |||
| Patients with stay prior to bacteraemia, n (%) | |||||||
| Institution | 14 (3·5) | 26 (7·0) | 55 (19·5) | <0·0001 | 0·033 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Home | 257 (65·2) | 237 (63·9) | 196 (69·5) | 0·30 | |||
| Hospital | 123 (31·3) | 108 (29·1) | 31 (11·0) | <0·0001 | 0·51 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Patients with host-predisposing conditions†, n (%) | |||||||
| Chronic alcoholism | 72 (19·0) | 45 (12·7) | 10 (3·6) | <0·001 | 0·019 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Tobacco addiction | 108 (28·5) | 77 (21·7) | 35 (12·6) | <0·001 | 0·034 | <0·001 | 0·03 |
| Congestive heart failure | 16 (4·1) | 53 (14·4) | 71 (25·1) | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·01 |
| Chronic respiratory insufficiency | 11 (2·8) | 29 (7·9) | 17 (6·0) | 0·009 | 0·002 | 0·050 | 0·36 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 49 (12·6) | 57 (15·4) | 48 (17·0) | 0·26 | |||
| Cirrhosis | 29 (7·7) | 20 (5·6) | 3 (1·1) | 0·001 | 0·26 | <0·001 | 0·002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (16·4) | 95 (26·4) | 48 (17·2) | 0·001 | 0·001 | 0·77 | 0·006 |
| Past history of bacteraemia | 34 (9·0) | 32 (8·9) | 14 (5·1) | 0·051 | |||
| HIV infection | 17 (4·5) | 1 (0·3) | 0 (0) | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |
| Immunocompromised† | 171 (43·3) | 158 (42·5) | 69 (24·3) | <0·001 | 0·82 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Solid cancer | |||||||
| Cured | 15 (4·0) | 28 (8·0) | 21 (7·7) | 0·051 | |||
| Progressive | 46 (11·6) | 77 (20·6) | 37 (13·0) | 0·001 | 0·001 | 0·59 | 0·010 |
| Antiproliferative chemotherapy within the last month | 24 (6·1) | 29 (7·8) | 6 (2·1) | 0·006 | 0·12 | <0·001 | 0·011 |
| Haemopathy | |||||||
| Cured | 4 (1·0) | 7 (2·0) | 7 (2·5) | 0·33 | |||
| Progressive | 50 (12·7) | 31 (8·3) | 2 (0·7) | <0·001 | 0·051 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Antiproliferative chemotherapy within the last month | 45 (11·4) | 22 (5·9) | 1 (0·4) | 0·048 | 0·004 | <0·001 | 0·054 |
| Current corticosteroid therapy | 58 (15·2) | 52 (14·7) | 16 (5·7) | <0·001 | 0·82 | <0·001 | 0·030 |
| Neutropenia <500/mm3 | 39 (10·1) | 18 (29·0) | 5 (1·8) | <0·001 | 0·010 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Other‡ | 102 (25·8) | 33 (8·9) | 8 (2·8) | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·002 |
| Comorbidity score (mean ± s.d.) | 1·5 ± 1·3 | 1·6 ± 1·2 | 1·2 ± 1·2 | <0·001 | 0·81 | 0·001 | <0·001 |
| Patients with infection characteristics, n (%) | |||||||
| Healthcare-associated | 149 (37·7) | 141 (37·9) | 88 (31·0) | 0·089 | |||
| Nosocomial | 94 (23·8) | 83 (22·3) | 25 (8·8) | <0·001 | 0·63 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| Patients with portal of entry, n (%) | |||||||
| Unknown | 110 (27·8) | 108 (29·0) | 65 (22·9) | 0·19 | |||
| Urinary tract | 222 (56·2) | 208 (55·9) | 168 (59·2) | 0·67 | |||
| Digestive tract | 49 (12·4) | 48 (12·9) | 41 (14·4) | 0·73 | |||
| Respiratory tract | 3 (0·8) | 6 (1·6) | 10 (3·5) | 0·027 | 0·27 | 0·010 | 0·13 |
| Cutaneous | 3 (0·8) | 5 (1·3) | 2 (0·7) | 0·62 | |||
| Venous catheter | 5 (1·3) | 5 (1·3) | 1 (0·4) | 0·40 | |||
| Other§ | 9 (2·3) | 1 (0·3) | 3 (1·1) | 0·040 | 0·013 | 0·38 | 0·32 |
| Patients with secondary septic focus, n (%) | 12 (3·2) | 12 (3·5) | 6 (2·2) | 0·51 | |||
| Start of adequate antibiotic therapy <1 day after bacteraemia, n (%) | 271 (68·6) | 238 (64·0) | 175 (61·6) | 0·15 | |||
| Mean delay between bacteraemia and start of adequate antibiotic therapy (days) | 0·38 ± 0·91 | 0·52 ± 1·2 | 0·56 ± 1·1 | 0·069 | |||
| Antibiotics within 2 weeks preceding bacteraemia, n (%) | 80 (20·3) | 69 (18·5) | 27 (9·5) | 0·001 | 0·55 | <0·001 | 0·001 |
s.d., Standard deviation.
*
Because of missing values, percentages are calculated based on available data.
†
Some patients had more than one host-predisposing condition.
‡
Other immunocompromised conditions included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with CD4 counts of <200 cells/mm3, prior solid-organ or bone marrow transplantation, congenital immunodeficiency, current immunomodulating treatment.
§
Other portals of entry included surgical site infection and female genital tract infection.