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. 2022 Apr 30;106(9-10):3369–3395. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11934-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 1 — Schematic representation of processes involved in general stress-response in Y. lipolytica. Highlighted biological processes: structural and compositional changes to the cell membrane, loss of cell integrity; structural and compositional changes to cell wall – formation of protruding elements, enhanced formation of extracellular vesicles; cell membrane invagination hallmarking qualitative and quantitative modifications of channels and sensor/changes to cell size; enrichment of biological processes localized to cell surface hallmark possible dimorphic transition; oxidative degradation of lipids, proteins, and DNA; ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, and vacuolar lysis of proteins; mitochondria over-loading and outburst of the oxidative stress response; chromatin structure modifications and changes to genes expression/protein abundance profiles; activation of membrane transporters and ion pumps