Table 3.

Management outcomes following Atamanalp classification for sigmoid volvulus

Group	Definition	Treatment	Mortality (%)	Morbidity (%)	Recurrence (%)
I A	G 0, A 0, ASA I–III	Endoscopic decompression	16.7	16.7	50.0
		Plus elective surgery	0.0	0.0	0.0
I B	G 0, A I or ASA IV–V	Endoscopic decompression	90.9	90.0	27.3
		Plus elective surgery	0.0	45.5	0.0
II A	G 0, A 0, ASA I–III, E I	Urgent surgery	0.0	33.3	0.0
II B	G 0, A I or ASA IV–V, E I	Urgent surgery	42.9	85.7	0.0
III A	G I, A 0, ASA I–III	Urgent surgery and stoma	0.0	0.0	0.0
III B	G I, A I or ASA IV–V	Urgent surgery and stoma	33.3	83.3	0.0

A 0, age < 75 years; A I, age ≥ 75 years; ASA I, patient with no other disease; ASA II, presence of mild systemic disease; ASA III, presence of severe systemic disease; ASA IV, presence of life-threatening systemic disease; ASA V, moribund patient; E I, unsuccessful endoscopy; G 0, no sigmoid gangrene; G I, presence of sigmoid gangrene