Table 4.
Significant findings from the differential item functioning analysis investigating blood laboratorial predictors of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)
| C-reactive protein > 3.0 mg/l | D-dimer > 2000 ng/ml | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latent dimension of PASC | Coefficient | p | 95% CI | Coefficient | p | 95% CI | ||
| 0.378 | <0.001 | 0.215 | 0.541 | 0.412 | 0.005 | 0.123 | 0.702 | |
| Clinical manifestations | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | ||||
| Psychiatric/cognitive symptoms | ||||||||
| Loss of memory | 0.898 | 0.75 | 0.556 | 1.450 | 0.950 | 0.81 | 0.246 | 3.662 |
| Anxiety | 1.329 | 0.33 | 0.798 | 2.214 | 0.826 | 0.99 | 0.247 | 2.756 |
| Lack of concentration | 0.773 | 0.34 | 0.482 | 1.239 | 0.681 | 0.75 | 0.203 | 2.276 |
| Post-traumatic stress | 1.023 | 0.93 | 0.544 | 1.922 | 0.454 | 0.60 | 0.067 | 3.051 |
| Insomnia | 0.849 | 0.55 | 0.538 | 1.340 | 0.531 | 0.47 | 0.152 | 1.851 |
| Depression | 0.827 | 0.57 | 0.490 | 1.397 | 2.053 | 0.33 | 0.667 | 6.324 |
| Other symptoms | ||||||||
| Gait impairment | 1.795 | 0.10 | 0.931 | 3.461 | 3.110 | 0.14 | 0.960 | 10.079 |
| Nocturia | 1.298 | 0.33 | 0.814 | 2.070 | 0.645 | 0.66 | 0.188 | 2.221 |
| Dyspnea | 1.003 | 0.92 | 0.635 | 1.584 | 0.674 | 0.71 | 0.207 | 2.199 |
| Fatigue | 1.337 | 0.32 | 0.807 | 2.214 | 0.599 | 0.44 | 0.204 | 1.759 |
| Loss of taste | 1.126 | 0.74 | 0.685 | 1.851 | 0.670 | 0.78 | 0.177 | 2.541 |
| Hearing loss | 1.153 | 0.72 | 0.658 | 2.021 | 2.433 | 0.21 | 0.787 | 7.520 |
| Edema | 1.251 | 0.46 | 0.751 | 2.082 | 0.421 | 0.41 | 0.092 | 1.928 |
| Body pain | 1.057 | 0.88 | 0.688 | 1.625 | 1.351 | 0.78 | 0.471 | 3.874 |
| Loss of appetite | 1.353 | 0.47 | 0.695 | 2.635 | 0.428 | 0.72 | 0.049 | 3.731 |
| Muscle/joint pain | 1.117 | 0.68 | 0.736 | 1.696 | 1.504 | 0.59 | 0.542 | 4.177 |
| Paresthesia | 1.114 | 0.80 | 0.647 | 1.917 | 2.088 | 0.30 | 0.705 | 6.190 |
| Skin problems | 0.775 | 0.41 | 0.462 | 1.301 | 2.412 | 0.18 | 0.786 | 7.404 |
| Weakness | 1.060 | 0.97 | 0.575 | 1.956 | 3.644 | 0.08 | 1.106 | 12.004 |
| Abdominal pain | 1.071 | 0.68 | 0.736 | 1.696 | 1.575 | 0.69 | 0.477 | 5.210 |
| Dizziness | 0.927 | 0.83 | 0.585 | 1.467 | 0.548 | 0.48 | 0.172 | 1.750 |
| Cough | 1.222 | 0.49 | 0.751 | 1.990 | 2.012 | 0.27 | 0.746 | 5.424 |
| Chest pain | 1.018 | 0.96 | 0.619 | 1.675 | 0.249 | 0.21 | 0.036 | 1.745 |
| Episodes of loss of consciousness | 1.056 | 0.87 | 0.379 | 2.938 | 0.820 | 0.76 | 0.115 | 5.826 |
| Loss of smell | 0.771 | 0.40 | 0.455 | 1.304 | npc | npc | npc | npc |
| Nasal obstruction | 0.857 | 0.68 | 0.497 | 1.475 | 1.317 | 0.93 | 0.376 | 4.616 |
| Headache | 0.724 | 0.36 | 0.397 | 1.320 | 0.564 | 0.44 | 0.204 | 1.759 |
| Tinnitus | 0.652 | 0.26 | 0.342 | 1.243 | 1.310 | 0.96 | 0.358 | 4.796 |
| Diarrhea | 0.558 | 0.27 | 0.241 | 1.295 | 1.986 | 0.91 | 0.303 | 13.023 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 0.495 | 0.32 | 0.161 | 1.519 | 1.222 | 0.60 | 0.074 | 20.170 |
CI, confidence interval; aOR, odds ratio adjusted for the relationship between the latent trait score and the other PASC symptoms; npc, not possible to calculate odds ratio and 95%CI.