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. 2022 May 30;13:3009. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30594-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, b Schematic illustrations of the implantation strategy of the NIRS probes in the porcine kidney model. c Image of the occlusion of arteries and veins to simulate events of ischemia and congestion, respectively, with vessel loops. d Measured tissue oxygenation saturation using the implantable NIRS probe through multiple experimental cycles of ischemia and congestion. The timeline of respective events (ischemia, congestion, and recovery) shows a consistent match with that of occlusion and release of arteries and veins. e Measured signals plotted as spectrograms to highlight variations of pulsation patterns and respiration patterns. The timelines match well with those of the occlusion and release events, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.