Skip to main content
. 2022 May 30;13:3029. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30419-z

Table 3.

Results of phylogenetic generalised least square (PGLS) model of longevity (year; log10 -transformed), maximum length (cm; log10 -transformed), age at first maturity (year; log10 -transformed), length at first maturity (cm; log10 -transformed) per each sex (♂: male; ♀: female), and male gonadosomatic index (GSI; log10 -transformed) across sexual systems: gonochorism (G); protogyny (PG); protandry (PA).

Variable Beta T P Df Model statistics
Dependent Independent λ R2
Longevity Sexual system – PA1 0.015 0.128 0.898 2; 841 0.914 0.007
Sexual system – PG1 0.161 2.340 0.019
Sexual system – PG2 0.146 1.205 0.229
Max length Sexual system – PA1 0.068 1.036 0.300 2; 2796 0.972 0.0004
Sexual system – PG1 −0.036 −0.098 0.922
Sexual system – PG2 −0.071 −0.971 0.332
Age at first maturity ♂ Sexual system – PA1 −0.015 −0.129 0.897 2; 280 0.859 0.002
Sexual system – PG1 0.070 0.684 0.495
Sexual system – PG2 0.085 0.623 0.534
Age at first maturity ♀ Sexual system – PA1 0.165 1.217 0.225 2; 314 0.862 0.005
Sexual system – PG1 0.029 0.333 0.739
Sexual system – PG2 −0.135 −0.945 0.345
Length at first Sexual system – PA1 −0.060 −0.809 0.419 2; 359 0.974 0.002
maturity ♂ Sexual system – PG1 −0.020 −0.337 0.736
Sexual system – PG2 0.040 0.448 0.654
Length at first maturity ♀ Sexual system – PA1 −0.018 −0.169 0.866 2; 340 0.971 0.0009
Sexual system – PG1 −0.041 −0.565 0.572
Sexual system – PG2 −0.023 −0.200 0.842
GSI ♂ Sexual system – PA1 0.092 0.736 0.464 2; 94 0.835 0.234
Sexual system – PG1 −0.500 −4.977 2.920−06
Sexual system – PG2 −0.592 −4.209 5.862−05

1G as reference level.

2PA as reference level.

For each independent variable, we report the parameter estimate (Beta), t-statistics (T), P value (P; two-sided test), and the model statistics including the degrees of freedom (df), the maximum likelihood estimation of the phylogenetic signal (λ) and R2. Significant differences are indicated in bold. Results of analyses controlling for allometry are available in Supplementary Table 2. See Supplementary Table 3 for sexual system and sex-specific sample sizes.