Western blot for confirmation of ELISA samples tested positive. (a) Examples of positive samples of raccoon dogs and foxes from serum collection 2 showing the typical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ladder. (b) Western blot with F. tularensis LPS extract showing sera of the hippopotamus that tested positive from serum collection 1 (zoo animals), depicting the seroconversion of the animal. Note the typical LPS ladder only in positive samples from 2004 and 2006. (+), Positive control; (–) negative control; raccoon dogs and foxes = serum collection 2; sera from hippopotamus (serum collection 1); 1, from 2001; 2, from 2003; 3, from 2004; 4, from 2006.