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. 2022 May 17;9:893436. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.893436

TABLE 3.

ORs and 95% CIs for HF according to tertiles of total fiber intake, stratified by sex, race, hypertension, diabetes, and obese status, NHANES 2009–2018.

Subgroup Fiber intake level Total fiber intake
Cereal fiber intake
OR (95%CI) P for interaction OR (95%CI) P for interaction
Sex 0.43 0.35
Male T1 1 1
T2 0.51 (0.28, 0.95) 0.73 (0.40, 1.33)
T3 0.58 (0.28, 1.24) 0.59 (0.30, 1.16)
Female T1 1 1
T2 0.71 (0.38, 1.34) 0.74 (0.40, 1.39)
T3 0.44 (0.18, 1.11) 0.66 (0.32, 1.38)
Race 0.68 0.63
Mexican American T1 1 1
T2 0.91 (0.18, 4.58) 0.17 (0.03, 1.19)
T3 0.55 (0.08, 4.02) 0.43 (0.08, 2.39)
Other Hispanic T1 1 1
T2 1.26 (0.26, 6.07) 0.19 (0.03, 1.36)
T3 1.15 (0.16, 8.59) 1.47 (0.24, 9.09)
Non-Hispanic White T1 1 1
T2 0.31 (0.17, 0.58) 0.69 (0.39, 1.22)
T3 0.40 (0.19, 0.86) 0.41 (0.21, 0.80)
Non-Hispanic Black T1 1 1
T2 1.77 (0.70, 4.43) 1.08 (0.45, 2.59)
T3 0.44 (0.08, 2.35) 1.11 (0.37, 3.30)
Other race T1 1 1
T2 1.51 (0.72, 6.76) 1.18 (0.61, 4.51)
T3 0.42 (0.06, 4.08) 0.95 (0.23, 2.74)
BMI 0.58 0.63
<25 T1 1 1
T2 0.50 (0.18, 1.41) 1.03 (0.24, 4.31)
T3 0.27 (0.08, 0.92) 0.90 (0.23, 3.62)
25–30 T1 1 1
T2 1.14 (0.46, 2.85) 0.66 (0.28, 1.59)
T3 0.68 (0.22, 2.11) 0.33 (0.13, 0.86)
>30 T1 1 1
T2 0.40 (0.22, 0.75) 0.70 (0.40, 1.21)
T3 0.75 (0.33, 1.73) 0.76 (0.39, 1.51)
Hypertension 0.91 0.70
Yes T1 1 1
T2 0.57 (0.36, 0.88) 0.68 (0.44, 1.06)
T3 1.29 (0.09, 19.67) 0.60 (0.36, 0.99)
No T1 1 1
T2 0.57 (0.05, 6.35) 1.64 (0.25, 10.79)
T3 0.38 (0.03, 4.91) 0.13 (0.06, 2.36)
Diabetes 0.14 0.44
Yes T1 1 1
T2 0.57 (0.29, 1.15) 1.07 (0.54, 2.13)
T3 0.83 (0.34, 2.03) 1.10 (0.51, 2.37)
No T1 1 1
T2 0.63 (0.36, 1.09) 0.58 (0.33, 1.01)
T3 0.39 (0.19, 0.83) 0.41 (0.21, 0.78)

BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T, tertile. Model is adjusted for age, sex, race, total energy intake, total protein intake, total fat intake, total vitamin A intake, total vitamin B6 intake, BMI, educational level, annual household income, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes and total cholesterol (TC) levels. The lowest tertile of dietary fiber intake was used as the reference group.