Table 1.
List of experimental Shigella infection studies that met inclusion criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis
| Ref. | Pub. year | First- named author | Study type* | NaHCO3 buffer | Inoculum solution | Diarrhoea definition† | Strain | Dose (c.f.u.) | N | N (%) diarrhoea | N (%) dysentery | N (%) fever | Mean no. LLS (volume) | Mean incub. (h) | Mean duration | % colonized | Immune response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [8] | 2006 | Taylor | C | Yes | NaHCO3 | A | 2457T | 1.5 × 103 | 10 | 8 (80) | 1 (10) | 4 (40) | 2 (0.3 l) | 78.5 | 50 | ||
| [13] | 1999 | Coster | B | Yes | NaHCO3 | A | 2457T | 1 × 103 | 15 | 6 (40) | 4 (27) | 6 (40) | 11 | 40 | ASC (LPS) –IgG: 40% –IgA: 40% | ||
| [5] | 1996 | Van de Verg | D | NR | NR | NR | 2457T | 1 × 103 | 14 | NR | NR | Serum (LPS) –IgG: 50% –IgA: 65% | |||||
| [14] | 1995 | Kotloff | B | Yes | NaHCO3 | A | 2457T | 1 × 103 | 14 | 9 (64) | 9 (64) | 12 (86) | 93 | Serum (LPS) –IgG: 50% –IgA: 79% ASC (LPS) –IgA:100% –IgG:93% | |||
| [6] | 1995 | Kotloff | A | Yes | NaHCO3 | A | 2457T | 1.4 × 103 | 12 | 10 (83) | 10 (83) | 100 | |||||
| [24] | 1995 | Munoz | A | NR | Milk | A | 53G | 5 × 102 | 11 | 6 (55) | 7 (64) | 43.9 | 82 | ASC (LPS) –IgA: 72% | |||
| [25] | 1992 | Tacket | C | Yes | Milk | A | 2457T | 1.2 × 103 | 7 | 1 (14) | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | (3.4 l) | 3 days | Serum (LPS) –IgG: 43% –IgA: 29% ASC (LPS) –IgG: 57% –IgA: 71% | ||
| 1.6 × 103 | 11 | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | (0.8 l) | 2.6 days | 91 | Serum (LPS) IgG: 45% IgA: 82% ASC (LPS) –IgG: 64% –IgA: 73% | |||||||||
| [26] | 1992 | Kotloff | B | NR | Milk | A | 2457T | 1 × 103 | 21 | 8 (38) | 7 (33) | 8 (38) | 48 | ||||
| [27] | 1992 | Mackowiak | B | NR | Milk | A | 53G | 5 × 102 | 85 | 40 (47) | NR | 33 (39) | 54 | ||||
| [28] | 1990 | Van de Verg | B | NR | Milk | NR | 53G | 5 × 102 | 12 | 5 (42) | NR | Serum (O Ag) –IgA: 50% ASC (O Ag) –IgA: 50% | |||||
| [10] | 1990 | Herrington | B | NR | Milk | A | 53G | 4 × 102 | 12 | 7 (58) | 8 (67) | 6 (50) | |||||
| [29] | 1989 | DuPont‡ | A | No | Milk | D | A-1 | 2 × 102 | 8 | 3 (38) | NR | 3 (38) | 144 | ||||
| No | D | A-1 | 1 × 104 | 6 | 2 (33) | NR | 2 (33) | 72 | |||||||||
| No | D | M-131 | 10 | 10 | 1 (10) | NR | 1 (10) | 36 | |||||||||
| No | D | M-131 | 2 × 102 | 4 | 2 (50) | NR | 2 (50) | 72 | |||||||||
| No | D | M-131 | 2 × 103 | 10 | 7 (70) | NR | 7 (70) | 146.4 | |||||||||
| No | D | M-131 | 1 × 104 | 6 | 5 (83) | NR | 5 (83) | 124.8 | |||||||||
| NR | C | 53G | 5 × 102 | 20 | 7 (35) | NR | 7 (35) | ||||||||||
| [7] | 1987 | Black | B | NR | Milk | A | 53G | 5 × 102 | 38 | 20 (53) | 19 (50) | 20 (53) | 9.2 (1.3 ml) | Serum (O Ag) –IgG: 45% –IgA: 68% | |||
| [30] | 1977 | Levine | B | NR | Milk | D | 2457T | 1 × 102 | 36 | 14 (39) | 8 (22) | 7 (19) | Serum (LPS) –HA: 22% | ||||
| 1 × 104 | 15 | 5 (33) | 5 (33) | 3 (20) | 60 | Serum (LPS) –HA: 60% | |||||||||||
| [9] | 1972 | DuPont | B | NR | Milk | E | 2457T | 1 × 104 | 88 | 52 (59) | NR | 52 (59) | 75 | Serum (LPS) –HA: 44% | |||
| 1.8 × 102 | 36 | 9 (22) | NR | 9 (22) | 17 | Serum (LPS) –HA: 27% | |||||||||||
| 1 × 103 | 24 | 14 (58) | NR | 14 (58) | 63 | Serum (LPS) –HA: 50% | |||||||||||
| 5 × 103 | 49 | 28 (57) | NR | 49 (28) | 67 | Serum (LPS) –HA: 49% | |||||||||||
| [31] | 1969 | DuPont | A | NR | Milk | C | 2457T | 1 × 104 to 1 × 108 | 43 | 27 (63) | 25 (58) | 13 (30) | 96 | 168 h | 67 | ||
| [3] | 1946 | Shaughnessy | A | Yes | Milk | NR | FW I | 1 × 108 | 4 | 0 (0) | NR | 100 | |||||
| Milk | FW I | 1 × 109 | 4 | 1 (25) | NR | 0 | 100 | ||||||||||
| Milk | FW I | 1 × 1010 | 4 | 2 (50) | NR | 0 | 100 | ||||||||||
| Water | FW I | 1 × 1010 | 4 | 2 (50) | NR | 0 | 100 | ||||||||||
| Water | FW II | 6.25 × 108 | 3 | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | |||||||||||
| Water | FW III | 6.25 × 108 | 3 | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | |||||||||||
| Water | FW IV | 6.25 × 108 | 3 | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | |||||||||||
| Water | FW V | 6.25 × 108 | 3 | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | 2 (67) | |||||||||||
| B | Yes | Water | FW II | 6.25 × 108 | 20 | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | |||||||||
| FW II | 2.5 × 108 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW II | 1 × 109 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW III | 6.25 × 108 | 20 | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | ||||||||||||
| FW III | 2.5 × 108 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW III | 1 × 109 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW IV | 6.25 × 108 | 20 | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | ||||||||||||
| FW IV | 2.5 × 108 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW IV | 1 × 109 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW V | 6.25 × 108 | 20 | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 15 (75) | ||||||||||||
| FW V | 2.5 × 108 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | ||||||||||||
| FW V | 1 × 109 | 5 | NR | 2 (40) | 2 (40) |
NA, Not applicable; NR, not reported, abx, antibiotic; HA, humoral antibody determined by haemagglutination; incub., incubation; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.
*
Study types: A, pathogenesis; B, vaccine efficacy; C, treatment or prophylaxis; D, other.
†
Diarrhoea definitions: A, 1 loose or liquid stool (LLS) ⩾300 ml or ⩾2 LLS ⩾200 ml over 48 h; B, ⩾2 LLS in 24 h or 1 LLS ⩾300 ml; C, 2 or 3 LLS in 24 h; D, ⩾3 LLS in 24 h; E ⩾4 loose stools in 24 h.
‡
Data on strains A-1 and M-131 in the DuPont 1989 study was previously reported in Levine et al. [32].