Table 6.

Indirect effects of pneumonia case management estimated from studies reporting all-cause mortality

Study (first-named author, year of publication)	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
	All-cause MR in control arm	Study reported all-cause mortality reduction (all-cause MR in ITN arm)/ (all-cause MR in control arm)	All-cause deaths averted by intervention/ 1000 child-yr [A*(1 – B)]	% <5 deaths attributable to pneumonia (reported in control arm)	Assumed pneumonia deaths in control arm/ 1000 child-yr [A*D]	Assumed pneumonia deaths averted by intervention/ 1000 child-yr [if E < C, E else, C]	Assumed non-pneumonia deaths averted by intervention/ 1000 child-yr [if E < C, C − F, else none]	Non-pneumonia mortality relative rate [if E < C, (A*(1 − D) − G)/ (A*(1 − D)), else none]
cRCT
Mtango, 1986 [28]	40·6/1000 children	0·83	6·90	35	14·33	2·72a	4·18	0·84
Quasi-experimental
Fauveau, 1992 [25]	33·6/1000 child-yr	0·61	13·104	20	5·95	2·91b	9·78	0·64
Bang, 1990 [24]	41/1000 children	0·69	12·71	43	11·64	6·29c	3·22	0·86
Khan, 1990 [26]	39/1000 child-yr	0·67	12·87	36	14·31	10·31d	2·71	0·89
Kielmann, 1978 [27]	55/1000 child-yr	0·58	23·10	25	12·21	12·21	9·54	0·77
Step wedge
Pandey, 1991 [29]	81·4/1000 child-yr	0·95 (0·80–1·12)	4·07	16	17·26	Nonee	4·07	0·94

ITN, Insecticide-treated net; MR, mortality rate; cRCT, cluster randomized controlled trial.

^aStudy reported pneumonia-specific relative mortality reduction of 0·81 was used to calculate the pneumonia deaths averted.

^bStudy reported pneumonia-specific relative mortality reduction of 0·51 was used to calculate the pneumonia deaths averted.

^cStudy reported pneumonia-specific relative mortality reduction of 0·46 was used to calculate the pneumonia deaths averted.

^dStudy reported pneumonia-specific relative mortality reduction of 0·28 was used to calculate the pneumonia deaths averted.

^eStudy reported pneumonia-specific relative mortality reduction of 1·07 was used to calculate the pneumonia deaths averted.