Table 4.
Predictors of influenza vaccination (IV) behaviours (among those who had heard of IV, n = 672)
| n † | Had ever taken up IV | Had taken up IV during the last flu season | Intend to take up IV in the coming year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Row % | ORu | ORm (95% CI) | Row % | ORu | ORm (95% CI) | Row % | ORu | ORm (95% CI) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 218 | 36·2 | 1·00 | – | 23·9 | 1·00 | – | 34·9 | 1·00 | – |
| Female | 454 | 38·1 | 1·08 | 23·8 | 1·00 | 31·9 | 0·88 | |||
| Age group (yr) | ||||||||||
| 18–39 | 75 | 30·7 | 1·00 | – | 18·7 | 1·00 | – | 17·3 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| 40–49 | 146 | 37·7 | 1·37 | 20·5 | 1·13 | 30·1 | 2·06* | 2·28 (1·03–5·04)* | ||
| 50–59 | 282 | 34·8 | 1·20 | 22·3 | 1·25 | 30·5 | 2·09* | 2·29 (1·09–4·81)* | ||
| ⩾60 | 169 | 45·0 | 1·85* | 31·4 | 1·99* | 46·2 | 4·09** | 4·53 (2·05–10·02)** | ||
| Education level | ||||||||||
| Primary school or below | 240 | 37·5 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 25·4 | 1·00 | – | 37·5 | 1·00 | – |
| Junior secondary school – matriculation | 349 | 33·5 | 0·84 | 0·83 (0·53–1·29) | 20·9 | 0·78 | 30·4 | 0·73 | ||
| University or above | 83 | 54·2 | 1·97** | 2·03 (1·03–3·99)* | 31·3 | 1·34 | 30·1 | 0·72 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Single/divorced/separated/ widowed | 112 | 37·5 | 1·00 | 18·8 | 1·00 | – | 20·5 | 1·00 | n.s. | |
| Married/cohabiting | 560 | 37·5 | 1·00 | 24·8 | 1·43 | 35·4 | 2·12** | |||
| Being a healthcare professional | ||||||||||
| No | 654 | 36·7 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 23·1 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 32·7 | 1·00 | – |
| Yes | 18 | 66·7 | 3·45* | 4·11 (1·25–13·51)* | 50·0 | 3·33* | 4·34 (1·46–12·93)** | 38·9 | 1·31 | |
| Have chance of contacting live poultry at work | ||||||||||
| No | 656 | 37·7 | 1·00 | – | 23·9 | 1·00 | – | 32·3 | 1·00 | n.s. |
| Yes | 15 | 33·3 | 0·83 | 20·0 | 0·79 | 60·0 | 3·14* | |||
| Receiving CSSA | ||||||||||
| No/refused to answer | 633 | 38·2 | 1·00 | – | 24·5 | 1·00 | – | 33·8 | 1·00 | n.s. |
| Yes | 39 | 25·6 | 0·56 | 12·8 | 0·45 | 17·9 | 0·43* | |||
| Knowledge related to IV | ||||||||||
| Perceived that IV could reduce the risk of influenza- induced complications (e.g. pneumonia) or hospitalization or death | ||||||||||
| No | 269 | 29·0 | 1·00 | n.s. | 17·5 | 1·00 | n.s. | 22·7 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Yes | 403 | 43·2 | 1·86* | 28·0 | 1·84** | 39·7 | 2·25** | 1·70 (1·12–2·58)* | ||
| IV is required annually | ||||||||||
| No | 159 | 23·9 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 11·9 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 12·6 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Yes | 290 | 55·2 | 3·92** | 3·83 (2·23–6·58)** | 37·6 | 4·44** | 4·04 (2·25–7·26)** | 54·8 | 8·44** | 6·68 (3·80–11·76)** |
| Don't know | 223 | 24·2 | 1·02 | 1·37 (0·76–2·46) | 14·3 | 1·23 | 1·47 (0·76–2·87) | 18·8 | 1·61 | 1·85 (0·99–3·48) |
| Perceptions related to IV | ||||||||||
| Perceived side-effects of IV | ||||||||||
| No | 242 | 61·6 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 40·9 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 50·8 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Yes | 215 | 31·2 | 0·28** | 0·31 (0·20–0·50)** | 17·2 | 0·30** | 0·35 (0·21–0·56)** | 26·5 | 0·35** | 0·42 (0·26–0·67)** |
| Don't know | 215 | 16·7 | 0·13** | 0·14 (0·08–0·24)** | 11·2 | 0·18** | 0·23 (0·13–0·40)** | 19·1 | 0·23** | 0·31 (0·18–0·52)** |
| Perceived efficacy of IV | ||||||||||
| Not efficacious | 100 | 36·0 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 16·0 | 1·00 | n.s. | 20·0 | 1·00 | n.s. |
| Efficacious | 386 | 45·3 | 1·47 | 0·92 (0·52–1·62) | 30·8 | 2·34** | 41·5 | 2·83** | ||
| Don't know | 186 | 22·0 | 0·50* | 0·46 (0·24–0·92)* | 13·4 | 0·82 | 22·0 | 1·13 | ||
| Perceptions related to influenza | ||||||||||
| Perceived health impact on oneself if contracting influenza | ||||||||||
| No effect/mild | 120 | 30·0 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 18·3 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 27·5 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Moderate | 291 | 32·6 | 1·13 | 1·35 (0·75–2·42) | 18·9 | 1·04 | 1·10 (0·59–2·04) | 27·8 | 1·02 | 1·18 (0·66–2·10) |
| Severe/very severe | 219 | 48·9 | 2·23** | 3·72 (1·98–6·98)** | 34·2 | 2·32** | 2·82 (1·51–5·24)** | 44·3 | 2·10** | 2·34 (1·29–4·24)** |
| Don't know | 42 | 33·3 | 1·17 | 4·35 (1·63–11·59)** | 19·0 | 1·05 | 2·21 (0·80–6·13) | 23·8 | 0·82 | 1·45 (0·54–3·90) |
| Perceived chances for chronic disease patients to contract influenza compared to general public | ||||||||||
| Much lower/lower | 86 | 34·9 | 1·00 | – | 24·4 | 1·00 | – | 27·9 | 1·00 | – |
| Same | 332 | 33·1 | 0·92 | 20·2 | 0·78 | 30·4 | 1·13 | |||
| Much higher/higher | 203 | 42·4 | 1·37 | 26·6 | 1·12 | 39·9 | 1·72 | |||
| Don't know | 51 | 51·0 | 1·94 | 35·3 | 1·69 | 29·4 | 1·08 | |||
| Perceived consequences of contracting influenza for chronic disease patients compared to general public | ||||||||||
| Much less severe/less severe | 75 | 28·0 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 20·0 | 1·00 | – | 29·3 | 1·00 | – |
| Same | 337 | 35·9 | 1·44 | 1·33 (0·65–2·72) | 21·4 | 1·09 | 31·8 | 1·12 | ||
| Much more severe/more severe | 211 | 40·3 | 1·73 | 0·88 (0·41–1·89) | 27·5 | 1·52 | 37·0 | 1·41 | ||
| Don't know | 49 | 51·0 | 2·68** | 3·45 (1·28–9·26)* | 30·6 | 1·76 | 28·6 | 0·96 | ||
| Other factors | ||||||||||
| The maximum you are willing to pay for IV which could effectively reduce the risk of influenza-induced complications/ hospitalization (HK$) | ||||||||||
| 0 | 163 | 21·5 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 14·1 | 1·00 | – | 17·2 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| 1–150 | 409 | 41·3 | 2·58** | 2·05 (1·20–3·48)** | 25·9 | 2·13** | 38·1 | 2·97** | 2·53 (1·47–4·34)** | |
| >150 | 100 | 48·0 | 3·38** | 2·26 (1·11–4·59)* | 31·0 | 2·73** | 37·0 | 2·83** | 2·05 (1·02–4·13)* | |
| Recommendation made by healthcare workers to take up IV | ||||||||||
| No | 537 | 27·9 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 16·6 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 25·9 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Yes | 135 | 75·6 | 7·97** | 5·23 (3·13–8·76)** | 52·6 | 5·58** | 3·25 (2·07–5·12)** | 60·7 | 4·43** | 2·85 (1·77–4·60)** |
| Government had recommended chronic disease patients to take up IV | ||||||||||
| No | 316 | 33·2 | 1·00 | n.s. | 18·7 | 1·00 | n.s. | 29·4 | 1·00 | n.s. |
| Yes | 218 | 44·0 | 1·58* | 29·8 | 1·85** | 40·8 | 1·65** | |||
| Don't know | 138 | 37·0 | 1·18 | 26·1 | 1·54 | 28·3 | 0·94 | |||
CSSA, Comprehensive Social Security Assistance ORu, Univariate odds ratio; ORm, multivariate odds ratio obtained from stepwise logistic regression using univariately significant variables as candidates; n.s., not significant; –, univariately not significant.
†
Valid percentages were reported (i.e. missing values were not included in the denominator) and the frequencies therefore may not sum up to the total.
*
P < 0·05, **P < 0·01.