Table 2.

Relevant pathways and cells that can be targeted by existing drugs.

Drug	Target	Immune Cells Affected
Dimethyl Fumarate	Keap1/Nrf2, NF-kB, IRAK4	T and B cells, NK cells, DC, macrophages, neutrophils
Metformin	AMP kinase	T and B cells, macrophages
Methotrexate	Dihydrofolate reductase	T and B cells, neutrophils, macrophages
Rapamycin	mTORC1	T cells, macrophages, NK cells
TEPP-46	Pyruvate kinase M2	CD4+ T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages
Baricitinib	JAK1/JAK2	T and B cells, DC

Abbreviations: Keap1, Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1; Nrf2, Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2; NF-kB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IRAK4, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4; AMP kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; TEPP-46, a small molecular agonist of pyruvate kinase M2; JAK, Janus Kinase; NK, natural killer; DC, dendritic cells.