TABLE 3.

The β and 95% CI of plasma Se concentrations by lifestyle and dietary habits in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults with hypertension stratified by sex¹.

Variables	N	Plasma Se, μ g/L	Crude Model *		Adjusted Model†
			β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p
Male
Smoking status
Never	1820	74.0 ± 21.1	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
Past	271	74.7 ± 22.2	−0.83 (−3.90, 2.23)	0.594	−1.61 (−4.74, 1.52)	0.313
Current	508	75.5 ± 20.7	0.50 (−1.97, 2.98)	0.690	−2.53 (−4.98, −0.08)	0.043
p, for trend				0.726		0.041
Alcohol drinking status
Never	1948	73.3 ± 21.3	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
Past	191	74.8 ± 19.6	−0.21 (−3.62, 3.20)	0.905	−0.39 (−3.85, 3.08)	0.826
Current	460	78.8 ± 20.6	4.69 (2.23, 7.15)	<0.001	4.44 (1.97, 6.91)	<0.001
p, for trend				<0.001		<0.001
Meat consumption frequency
<1 time/week	252	70.4 ± 20.8	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
1–2times/week	447	73.5 ± 23.5	3.08 (−0.12, 6.28)	0.059	3.64 (0.55, 6.73)	0.020
3–5 or more times/week	690	79.6 ± 18.7	9.18 (6.19, 12.17)	<0.001	5.31 (2.29, 8.33)	<0.001
p, for trend				<0.001		<0.001
Fruits and vegetables consumption
<0.5 kg/week	320	76.8 ± 23.7	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
0.5–1.5 kg/week	487	74.2 ± 21.1	−2.63 (−5.60, 0.33)	0.081	−2.29 (−5.12, 0.54)	0.112
>1.5 kg/week	582	77.0 ± 19.3	0.20 (−2.66, 3.07)	0.890	−2.85 (−5.63, −0.07)	0.044
p, for trend				0.583		0.056
Female
Meat consumption frequency
<1 time/week	369	67.4 ± 19.7	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
1–2times/week	442	71.8 ± 20.5	4.36 (1.50, 7.21)	0.002	3.35 (0.60, 6.11)	0.017
≥3 times/week	399	78.2 ± 21.8	10.07 (6.22, 13.92)	<0.001	4.74 (1.74, 7.74)	0.002
p, for trend				<0.001		0.001
Fruits and vegetables consumption
<0.5 kg/week	273	69.3 ± 18.8	0.00 (Ref)		0.00 (Ref)
0.5–1.5 kg/week	476	72.9 ± 22.1	3.60 (0.47, 6.73)	0.024	3.17 (0.16, 6.18)	0.039
>1.5 kg/week	461	74.1 ± 21.1	4.75 (1.60, 7.90)	0.003	1.86 (−1.22, 4.93)	0.237
p, for trend				0.004		0.384

For continuous variables, the values are presented as mean ± SD.

¹Se-marginal areas in China include four provinces (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Shandong), Se-sufficient areas in China include eight provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan), and Se-rich areas in China include two provinces (Guangxi and Hunan).

*Values β and 95% CI are from multilinear regression analysis.

^†If not stratified, model was adjusted for sex, age, region (Se-marginal, Se-sufficient, and Se-rich areas), BMI, SBP, DBP, history of hypertension, antihypertensive drug use, multivitamin use, smoking, alcohol drinking, meat consumption, and consumption of fruits and vegetables.