Table 1.
Effect of feeding raw WM and PWM on the growth performance of calves.
| Feed type | Types/amount of antibiotics | Feeding groups | Data | Growth performance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WM | 0.025 mg/L of streptomycin, 0.1 mg/L of tetracycline, 0.024 mg/L of penicillin, and 0.33 mg/L of ceftiofur |
PWM and raw WM | Raw WM: 733 g/d PWM:798 g/d |
No adverse effect on average daily gain. | (28) |
| WM | Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tylosin, and monensin | Raw WM and MR | MR: 450 g/d PWM: 650 g/d |
Increased average daily gain of calves | (35) |
| WM | ND; Milk from cows treated with veterinary drugs due to mastitis or other diseases | Raw SM and WM | Raw SM: 258 g/d Raw WM: 525 g/d |
Increased average daily gain of calves | (23) |
| WM | Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, cefquinome, ceftiofur, tylosin, oxytetracycline and penethamate hydroio dide. | Raw SM and WM | Raw WM: 587 g/d Raw SM: 538 g/d |
There was no unusual effect on average daily gain. | (5) |
| WM | ND; Milk from cows treated with veterinary drugs due to diseases | Raw SM and WM | Raw SM: 690 g/d Raw WM: 730 g/d |
No negative effect was on average daily gain. | (36) |
| WM | ND; Milk from cows with clinical mastitis, placental retention, metritis, or foot infections | Raw SM and WM | Raw SM: 670 g/d Raw WM: 710 g/d |
There is no adverse effect on average daily gain. | (37) |
| PWM | Mainly cephalosporins and lincosamides | PWM and Raw WM | PWM: 780 g/d Raw WM: 670 g/d | Increased average daily gain of calves | (38) |
| PWM | ND; Milk from cows treated with veterinary drugs due to mastitis or other diseases | PWM and Raw SM | PWM: 454 g/d Raw WM: 258 g/d |
Improved the average daily gain of calves | (23) |
| PWM | Per 1 ml contains 100,000 U.I. penicillin G procaine, 100,000 U.I. penicillin G benzathine, 120 mg dihidroestreptomycin sulfate, and 0.2 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate |
PWM and NMR | PWM: 543 g/d Raw WM: 515 g/d |
There was no negative average daily gain. | (39) |
| PWM | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, cefquinome, ceftiofur, tylosin, oxytetracycline and penethamate hydroio dide. | PWM and Raw SM | PWM: 584 g/d Raw SM: 538 g/d |
There was no undesirable effect on average daily gain. | (5) |
| PWM | ND; Milk from cows with clinical mastitis, placental retention, metritis, or foot infections | PWM, Raw SM and raw WM | PWM: 345 g/d Raw SM: 375 g/d Raw WM: 392 g/d |
There was no adverse effect on average daily gain. | (37) |
Pasteurized waste milk (PWM); Waste milk (WM); non-medicated milk replacer containing sodium butyrate and active probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (NMR); In cases where the antibiotics were not determined (ND), the composition of milk used is stated.