Figure 3.

The impact of single HPV16, HPV31 and HPV18 on the vaginal microbiota diversity and community membership. (A) Two alpha diversity indexes were calculated, richness (observed species) and shannon. Boxplots depicting the median and interquartile range stratified by single HPV infection. Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, p values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Both weighted UniFrac (B) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (C) were used in conjunction with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to visualize microbial communities stratified by single HPV infection. Differences in beta diversity were assessed using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Each point was colored according to the single HPV type. Confidence ellipses are shown for each group.