Table 4. Analysis of 34 core papers by research objectives, variables, moderator, mediator and findings.

No	Author	Research objectives	Intellectual capital variables	Mediator	Moderator	Findings
1	52 Abbas et al. (2019)	To investigate the link between corporate social responsibility and firm performance through the moderating role of the social media marketing application in small firms.	Corporate social responsibility (CSR), social media marketing	Social media technology application		Customers' engagement and firm performance can be enhanced for firm that focuses on CSR practices when social media intergrated with marketing strategies.
2	53 Arshi et al. (2020)	To propose 'Start-up Evaluation Calculus Using Research Evidence' (SECURE) business model to allow the measurement of the impact of business model design on start-up performance in emerging economies.	Business model			It is suggested that the business model framework is required for businesses with ex ante indicators shows positive impact to firm performance.
3	54 Bashir and Farooq (2018)	To provide a systematic review of the linkage between 'knowledge management', 'business model innovation' and 'firm competence'.	Knowledge management'			The integration of knowledge management and business model innovation leads to a sustainable competitive advantage.
4	37 Bencsik et al. (2016)	to show the relationship between frugal innovation and knowledge management.	Knowledge management, knowledge sharing			Hungarian companies have shown that there is relationship between 'human,relationships,knowledge and creativity' and the way of thinking.
5	55 Bhattacharya et al (2020)	To give suggestion of a conceptual framework on the enablers of growth and performance metrics.	human and operational capabilities			Capabilities for 'operational and process excellence,' 'unique products and services,' and 'visionary leadership' highest ranked enabler of growth.
6	56 Botha (2019)	To suggest future evolution of 'innovation from a human only initiative, to human–machine co-innovation, to autonomous machine innovation'.	innovation from a human only initiative			Evolution of Innovation is from a 'human-only activity, to human–machine co-innovation, to incidences of autonomous machine innovation, based on the growth of machine intelligence and the adoption of human–machine partnership management models in future'.
7	57 Brem et al. (2014)	To provide overview of the following terms 'jugaad, frugal innovation, frugal engineering, constraint-based innovation, Gandhian innovation, catalytic innovation, grassroots innovation, indigenous innovation, and reverse innovation.'				Research and development (R&D) in developed market firms (DMFs)' framework in emerging markets.
8	58 Deborah (2016)	To explore how organizational fields developed from local entreprenuers' effort to initiate their start-ups.	Organisational entrepreneur			Organizational field formation influenced by an entrepreneur to become supportive under some circumstances, move innovation through the legitimation stages of local validation, diffusion and general validation'
9	59 Dhamija & Bag (2020)	To review past literatures artificial intelligence.	Artificial intelligence			6 clusters: 'Artificial Intelligence and Optimization, Industrial Engineering/Research and Automation, Operational Performance and Machine Learning; Cluster, Sustainable Supply Chains and Sustainable Development, Technology Adoption and Green Supply Chain Management and Internet of Things and Reverse Logistics' were identified.
10	60 Diaw et al. (2020)	To explore the industrialization strategy advantages at 'manufacturing entry-level products'.	Potential of industrial development			Entry-level product lines play a crucial role in industrialization of Africa
11	36 Dost et al (2019)	To examine the relationship between internal and external sources of knowledge on frugal innovation (FI), through the moderating 'role of market and technological turbulence'.	Internal and external source of knowledge'		Technological turbulence and Market turbulence	There is a relationship between internal and external sources of knowledge on FI. 'The moderation of technological turbulence strengthens the effects internal and external sources of knowledge had on FI. Market turbulence strengthened the effects of external sources of knowledge but surprisingly weakens the effects of internal sources of knowledge on FI'.
12	61 Durst et al. (2018)	To investigate how the different factors effect the new product development process in Turkish firms.	Human capital and organisational capabilities			Human capital, leadership, marketing capabilities, and business and institutional networks shown some differences in terms of the commercialization of newly developed products in domestic and international markets.'
13	62 Farooq (2020)	To investigate the relationship between knowledge management and value creation.	knowledge management (KM)		Social capital	Knowledge management able to influence value creation by having good interpersonal relationships with all stakeholders by managing 'social capital through knowledge management processes'.
14	63 Gupta et al. (2016)	To plead for more 'reciprocal, respectful and responsible exchanges of knowledge between formal and informal sector adding value to the contributions of grassroots green innovators'.	Relational or social capital			Conventional understanding of open innovation theory is highly inadequate for dealing with emerging challenges in leveraging contingent conditions of climate risks, asymmetry of knowledge and power and lack of reciprocity and responsibility among the formal and informal actors.'
15	64 Gupta,(2019)	To support 'research propositions on the various proposed relationships in the GRI framework'.	Grassroots innovation			To develop framework to show the relationship among the contributing factors of "feasibility and value of GRI in society".
16	65 Hart et al. (2016)	To propose a set of construct to predict successful BoP business innovation.	BoP business innovation			BoP for poverty alleviation and sustainable development.
17	66 Herting et al. (2020)	To find out how 'discruptive dynamics' able to effect business models with different items from practitioner's view.	Disruptive dynamics			developed the 'business model components,' From practioner viewpoint.
18	67 Horn & Brem (2013)	To identify from the past research the new emerging themes in innovation management.	Innovation management			Seven major fields for future research in innovation management theory and practice: customer orientation, network organisation, sustainability, frugality, intellectual property, business model and global innovation'.
19	68 Hossain (2017)	To provide literature review on business model innovation (BMI) and suggest upcoming research work that can be done.	Business model innovation			the findings identified most important themes and logical arguments in the current research.
20	69 Hossain et al. (2016)	To provide extensive literature review on the evolution of open innovation.	open innovation			Proposed a framework on open innovation through analysis of past gap.
21	70 Kabadurmus (2020)	To investigate the relationship between 'organizational and environmental (competition, capital scarcity and organization of labor) factors and firms’ innovation activities within the supply chain'.	organizational resources capability			There is a relationship between strategic resources and firm's competitive advantage which also depends on type of innovation activities in SCM.
22	71 Koerich et al. (2019)	to study on evolution of frugal innovation and the trends in current literaturesand suggestion on further work to be done.	Evolution of Frugal innovation			development of few 'measurement tools for frugal innovation'.
23	72 Kok (2017)	to examine the approach of 'Financial innovation' in large commercial bank in China.	Bank's innovation strategy and local government policy			The study found that regulation can hinder financial innovation and it is depending on whether bank's innovation strategy coherent with local government policy.
24	73 Liotta et al. (2018)	To propose a 'model for building African health capacity through regional health innovation networks through commercialization of health technologies'.	Network based Health innovation strategy			the study found that building business operation capacity and local legal aspects are very crucial for 'product-focused, network-based health innovation strategy'.
25	74 Michelam et al. (2020)	To examine extensive literature review on the main aspects of KBUD in promoting smart sustainable cities.	KnowledgeBased Urban Development (KBUD) and smart and sustainable cities			proposed 'multi-dimensional and integrated approach for smart and sustainable urban development.'
26	75 Nag et al. (2020)	To evaluate techniques and methods to achieve 'Blue Ocean Strategy'.	Blue ocean Strategy			The study shown that management operational efficiency will help to firm to achieve competitive advantage by applying the 'principles of Operations Management'.
27	76 Penco et al. (2020)	To investigate the effect of 'strategic orientation (defined using the Miles and Snow’s paradigm) on the processes of strategic decision-making and organisational design in medium-sized firms (MEs) in Italian family food and beverage industry (F&B)'.	impact of strategic orientation on the processes of strategic decision-making and organisational design in medium-sized firms			To describe the use of the 'prospector orientation in modifying the behavioural models among the selected companies."
28	77 Rese et al. (2020)	To examine factors influence 'knowledge sharing which focuses on attitude, behavior and individual creativity.'	Knowledge sharing and sharing behaviour			there is a relationship between 'knowledge sharing attitude and actual sharing behavior in CWS improve coworkers’ creativity.'
29	78 Sahay (2016)	To investigate the drivers and challenges of big data in health system.	Big Data and health systems			highlighted the key 'implications for LMICs governments on the potential of big data to address public health concerns'.
30	79 Snehvrat & Dutta (2018)	To study on 'multi-faceted role of metaroutines in dealing with nested ambidexterity challenges experienced during new product introductions (NPIs) at Tata Motors, an Indian automotive giant'.	ambidexterity dynamics across strategic', 'business unit' and 'functional levels'.			"The role of embedded NPI metaroutine aspects in promoting multi-level ambidexterity offers a distinct form when compared with other academically established forms of structural, contextual and temporal ambidexterity".
31	80 Hosung et al. (2018)	To investigate the 'role of social entreprenuership,product innovation attributes and social capital on value creation and financial performance'.	Social entreprenuership	Social capital		Social entrepreneurship has relationship with product innovation and social capital in SEs and products’ simplicity, usability and standardization positively affect the social value creation of Ses'.
32	81 Sordi et al. (2019)	To examine the 'exaptation creation capability with practitioners and academics in the field of management' and ability to generate organisational performance.	exaptation - capability to generate performance for firms			the study found '13 cases of exaptation associated with 9 different kinds of organizational entities'.
33	82 Yin et al. (2019)	to compare 'rural and urban innovation system and propose new theoretical structural model'.	rural and urban innovative system			The study proposed all the 'future challenges in fostering a strong rural innovation system'.
34	83 Zhifeng et al. (2020)	To explore the development of 'Chinese style innovation' by analysing past studies and propose future work.	Development of Chinese-style innovation			the study found relationship amongst the 'New Economic Era, Chinese-style innovation and the International Repercussions'.