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. 2022 May 16;5(1):e38063. doi: 10.2196/38063

Table 1.

Demographics of participants: overall and by group with and without an emotions challenge.

Sample characteristic Sample (N=182), n (%) Without an Emotions challenge, n (%) With an Emotions challenge, n (%) Difference by characteristic and the emotions challenge



Chi-square (df) P value
Age (years) 14.49 (1) <.001

18-44 70 (38.5) 18 (9.9) 52 (28.6)


45 to ≥65 112 (61.5) 61 (33.5) 51 (28.0)

Gender 4.17 (1) .04

Female 123 (67.6) 47 (25.8) 76 (41.8)


Male/other 59 (32.4) 32 (17.6) 27 (14.8)

Race 1.71 (1) .19

White 154 (84.6) 70 (38.5) 84 (46.2)


All other 28 (15.4) 9 (4.9) 19 (10.4)

Ethnicity 0.02 (1) .88

Non-Hispanic/ non-Latinx 177 (97.3) 77 (42.3) 100 (54.9)


Hispanic/Latinx 5 (2.7) 2 (1.1) 3 (1.6)

Marital status 5.12 (1) .02

Married 84 (46.2) 44 (24.2) 40 (22.0)


Other marital categories 98 (53.8) 35 (19.2) 63 (34.6)