Table 1.

Risk of bias assessment of included studies using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria (study design and interventions).

Study	Study design					Interventions
	Objective described	Evident and appropriate study design	Participant selection described and appropriate	Participant characteristics described	Random allocation described		Blinding of investigators reported	Blinding of participants reported
Adcock et al [6]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		N/Aa	N/A
Alnobani et al [7]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Amodeo et al [8]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Becevic et al [9]	Partial	Partial	No	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Bettinelli et al [10]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial		N/A	N/A
Burke et al [11]	Partial	Partial	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Duan et al [12]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Frazzitta et al [13]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		N/A	N/A
Garingo et al [14]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Garingo et al [15]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Goldberg et al [16]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Holsti et al [17]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	N/A
Holt et al [18]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Ito et al [19]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Lazzara et al [20]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Marini et al [21]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Marttos et al [22]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
McNelis et al [23]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Murray et al [24]	No	No	No	No	N/A		N/A	N/A
Prokazova et al [25]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No		N/A	N/A
Reynolds et al [26]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Rincon et al [27]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Rocca et al [28]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		N/A	N/A
Rogove et al [29]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Ruiz-Del-Solar et al [30]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Shimizu et al [31]	Partial	Partial	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Sucher et al [32]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Summerfield et al [33]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Vespa et al [34]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Wang et al [35]	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial	N/A		N/A	N/A
Williams et al [36]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes
Ye et al [37]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A
Zeiler et al [38]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A		N/A	N/A

^aN/A: not applicable.