Table 2.

Comparison between prevalence of Clostridium difficile with risk factors and clinical presentations in hospitalized participants

Variables	Non-toxigenic C. difficile colonization (n = 66)a			CDI (n = 64)b
	Positive (n = 12)	Negative (n = 54)	P	Positive (n = 10)	Negative (n = 54)	P
Risk factors
Age (yrs)	52·0 ± 18·8c	42·7 ± 18·6	0·124	49·6 ± 18·2	42·7 ± 18·6	0·286
Length of hospitalization (wk), n (%)d
<1	1 (8)	44 (82)	<0·001	0 (0)	44 (82)	<0·001
⩾1	11 (92)	10 (19)		10 (100)	10 (19)
Nasogastric tube, n (%)a
Yes	2 (17)	2 (4)	0·148	4 (40)	2 (4)	0·004
No	10 (83)	52 (96)		6 (60)	52 (96)
Medical illness
Yes	11 (92)	27 (50)	0·009	7 (70)	27 (50)	0·313
No	1 (8)	27 (50)		3 (30)	27 (50)
Charlson Comorbidity Index	2·50 ± 1·51	0·96 ± 1·12	<0·001	2·20 ± 1·93	0·96 ± 1·12	0·077
Symptoms
Abdominal pain, n (%)
Yes	4 (33)	8 (15)	0·208	4 (40)	8 (15)	0·082
No	8 (67)	46 (85)		6 (60)	46 (85)
Fever, n (%)
Yes	8 (68)	25 (46)	0·339	9 (90)	25 (46)	0·015
No	4 (32)	29 (54)		1 (10)	29 (54)
Clinical parameters
WBC, ×109/l	8·51 ± 7·06	7·15 ± 4·17	0·530	9·73 ± 5·67	7·15 ± 4·17	0·095
Urea, mmol/l	10·19 ± 8·77	4·97 ± 3·05	0·065	8·08 ± 10·06	4·97 ± 3·05	0·262
Creatinine, μmol/l	240·83 ± 233·68	96·15 ± 46·07	0·056	251·30 ± 530·45	96·15 ± 46·07	0·379
Albumin, g/l	27·58 ± 8·31	34·39 ± 5·07	0·017	30·00 ± 6·68	34·39 ± 5·07	0·020
CRP, mg/l	111·08 ± 59·04	63·44 ± 62·90	0·019	112·40 ± 54·90	63·44 ± 62·90	0·025

Figures with significant p values are indicated in bold. CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cells; wk, weeks; yrs, years.

^aCDI cases were excluded from the non-toxigenic C. difficile colonization total.

^bNon-toxigenic C. difficile colonization cases were excluded from the CDI total.

^cMean ± s.d. (all such values).

^dDue to rounding, the total may not add to 100% exactly.