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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 7.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2021 Oct 27;33(12):2428–2444.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.003

Figure 5: Muscle- and Mitochondrial-derived Glutamate is Integral for Host Immune-Metabolic Responses that Shape Host-Pathogen Susceptibility.

Figure 5:

(A) Fold change (RelishRNAi#1/Ctrl.) of select genes involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.

(B-C) Drosophila Gdh regulation in Act88FGal4>UAS-RelishRNAi#1 flies after P.e. oral infection. (B) Gdh transcription from dissected thoraces (measured by qRT-PCR, plotted as relative expression); n=4. (C) Gdh immunostaining in dissected DLM muscle; anti-Gdh (green), F-actin filaments (Phalloidin, red), and nuclei (DAPI, blue).

(D-F) Changes in systemic lipid metabolism of Act88FGal4>UAS-RelishRNAi#1, UAS-GdhRNAi#1 flies after P.e. oral infection. (D) ORO stain of dissected carcass/fat body. (E) Total TAG levels of whole flies and (F) Circulating lipids levels from isolated hemolymph; n=3.

(G-I) Infection outcomes of Act88FGal4>UAS-RelishRNAi#1, UAS-GdhRNAi#1 flies after P.e. oral infection. (G) Measurement of defecation; n=220, (H) measurement of CFUs; n=12, and (I) survival rates; n=200.

(J) Circulating glutamate levels from isolated hemolymph of Act88FGal4>UAS-RelishRNAi#1, UAS-GdhRNAi#1 flies after P.e. oral infection; n=4.

(K-L) Drosophila Gdh regulation in Dro-GFP flies after P.e. oral infection. (K) Gdh immunostaining in dissected DLM muscle; anti-Gdh (green), F-actin filaments (Phalloidin, red), and nuclei (DAPI, blue), and (L) circulating glutamate levels from isolated hemolymph in Dro-GFP transgenic flies after P.e. oral infection; n=4.

(M-O) Infection outcomes of Act88FGal4>UAS-Gdh flies after P.e. oral infection. (M) Measurement of defecation; n=200, (N) CFUs; n=13, and (O) survival rates; n=200.

Error bars represent mean±SE, *P<0.01.